Human Immunology News Volume 7.31 | Aug 13 2019

TOP STORY

T-Scan: A Genome-Wide Method for the Systematic Discovery of T Cell Epitopes

The authors presented T-Scan, a high-throughput platform for identification of antigens productively recognized by T cells. T-Scan used lentiviral delivery of antigen libraries into cells for endogenous processing and presentation on major histocompatibility complex molecules. [Cell] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

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Single-Cell Survey of Human Lymphatics Unveils Marked Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity and Mechanisms of Homing for Neutrophils

Researchers report the profiling of 33,000 lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in human lymph nodes (LNs) by single-cell RNA sequencing. Unbiased clustering revealed six major types of human LECs. LECs lining the subcapsular sinus of LNs abundantly expressed neutrophil chemoattractants, whereas LECs lining the medullary sinus expressed a C-type lectin CD209. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Mutations in Topoisomerase IIβ Result in a B Cell Immunodeficiency

Scientists used Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and knockin and knockout murine models, to demonstrate that patient mutations in TOP2B had a dominant negative effect on enzyme function, resulting in defective proliferation, survival of B-2 cells, causing a block in B cell development, and impaired humoral function in response to immunization. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Cytokine Release and Gastrointestinal Symptoms after Gluten Challenge in Celiac Disease

IL-2 and IL-8 were the only cytokines elevated at two hours, preceding onset of symptoms. After gluten ingestion, IL-2 was the earliest and most prominent cytokine. [Sci Adv] Full Article | Press Release

Alteration in Tumoral PD-L1 Expression and Stromal CD8-Positive Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes after Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

To examine alteration in tumoral PD-L1 expression and density of stromal CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes after chemo-radiotherapy (cCRT), paired non-small cell lung cancer samples obtained before and after cCRT were reviewed in comparison with those obtained before and after drug therapy. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

Tumor-Infiltrating CD8⁺ Lymphocytes and Colorectal Cancer Recurrence by Tumor and Nodal Stage

In QUASAR2, intratumoral CD8⁺ was a stronger predictor of colorectal cancer recurrence than CD3⁺ and showed similar discriminative ability to both markers in combination. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

Chitinase 3-Like 1 Drives Allergic Skin Inflammation via Th2 Immunity and M2 Macrophage Activation

Scientists found that chitinase 3-like 1 mediated the development of atopic dermatitis induced by ovalbumin, affecting Th2 inflammation, M2 macrophage activation and skin barrier function. [Clin Exp Allergy] Abstract

Low Infiltration of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in High c-Myb-Expressing Breast Tumors

Tumors with high frequency of c-Myb-positive cells had lower density of CD68-positive macrophages. The negative association was reflected by inverse correlation between MYB and CD68/CD163 markers at the mRNA levels in evaluated cohorts of BC patients from public databases, which was found also within the molecular subtypes. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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The Biology and Functional Importance of MAIT Cells

Investigators review evidence showing that mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a key component of the immune system and discuss their basic biology, development, role in disease and immunotherapeutic potential. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

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Lilly Announces Superiority of Taltz^® (Ixekizumab) versus TREMFYA^® (Guselkumab) in Delivering Total Skin Clearance at Week 12 in Topline Results from Head-to-Head (IXORA-R) Trial in People Living with Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis

Eli Lilly and Company announced Taltz^® met the primary and all major secondary endpoints up to week 12 in the Phase IV IXORA-R study, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of Taltz versus TREMFYA^® in people living with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. [Eli Lilly and Company] Press Release

NKMax America Doses First Subject in Phase I Trial of SNK in Patients with Refractory Cancer

NKMax America announced that it has dosed the first subject in study SNK01-US01, a Phase I clinical trial evaluating SNK, an ex vivo expanded autologous natural killer cell therapeutic, in patients with pathologically confirmed cancer refractory to conventional therapy. [NKMax America (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Immunic, Inc. Announces First Patient Enrolled in Investigator-Sponsored Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial of IMU-838 for the Treatment of Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Immunic, Inc. announced enrollment of the first patient in an investigator-sponsored proof-of-concept clinical trial of IMU-838 for the treatment of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. [Immunic, Inc. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

City of Hope Scientist Receives $9.28 Million for CAR T Cell Immunotherapy Clinical Trial for Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer That Has Spread to the Brain

Saul Priceman, Ph.D., City of Hope assistant professor in the Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, and his research team have received a $9.28 million award from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine to support a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell Phase I clinical trial for the treatment of women with HER2-positive breast cancer that has spread to the brain. [City of Hope] Press Release

Brain-Chip Engineer Tapped to Lead South Korea’s Science Ministry

South Korea’s President Moon Jae-in has nominated Choi Ki-young, who leads an effort to create semiconductor chips that mimic processes in the brain, to be the new minister of science, information and communication technologies. [Nature News] Editorial

UC Faculty Members Quit Cell Press Editorial Boards over Impasse with Publisher

Some of the University of California’s (UC’s) most prominent scientists have announced they will resign from editorial boards of Cell Press to protest the continuing impasse between its owner, publishing giant Elsevier, and UC over subscription costs and open access to articles. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Academia to FBI on Monitoring Chinese Scientists: “Tread Carefully”

Nearly two dozen higher education groups warn the government to be cautious when advising US research universities to keep an eye on students and faculty with ties to certain Chinese institutions. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) 2019
November 6-10, 2019
National Harbor, Maryland, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Immunogenic Cell Death (University Hospital of Cologne)

Scientific Communications Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Immune Cell Culture (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Assistant – Immunology (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (BioMed X Innovation Center)

Preclinical Scientist – Immunology (MiroBio)

PhD Position – Extracellular Matrix & Skin Immunology (University of Freiburg)

PhD Fellowship – Immunology (University of Oslo)

Senior Scientist – Immuno-Oncology of Hematologic Malignancies (University of Kansas School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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