Human Immunology News Volume 7.32 | Aug 20 2019

TOP STORY

Dissecting the Heterogeneity of DENV Vaccine-Elicited Cellular Immunity Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Metabolic Profiling

Researchers utilized single-cell RNA sequencing and longitudinal TCR clonotype analysis to identify a unique transcriptional signature present in acutely activated and clonally-expanded T cells that become committed to the memory repertoire. They defined a set of markers that identify the most durable vaccine-reactive memory-precursor CD8⁺ T cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Editorial

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Expression of CD20 after Viral Reactivation Renders HIV-Reservoir Cells Susceptible to Rituximab

Scientists identified the B lymphocyte antigen CD20 as a marker for HIV-infected cells in vitro and in vivo. The CD20 molecule was dimly expressed in a subpopulation of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes from blood, with high levels of cell activation and heterogeneous memory phenotypes. [Nat Commun] Full Article

BCMA Peptide-Engineered Nanoparticles Enhance Induction and Function of Antigen-Specific CD8⁺ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes against Multiple Myeloma: Clinical Applications

The authors developed and characterized B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific peptide-encapsulated nanoparticle formulations to efficiently evoke BCMA-specific CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes with poly-functional immune activities against multiple myeloma. [Leukemia] Abstract

Hantavirus Inhibits TRAIL-Mediated Killing of Infected Cells by Downregulating Death Receptor 5

Scientists showed that the prototypic hantavirus, Hantaan virus (HTNV), induced TRAIL production but strongly inhibited TRAIL-mediated extrinsic apoptosis induction in infected cells by downregulating DR5 cell surface expression. Mechanistic analyses revealed that HTNV triggered both 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of death receptor (DR)5 through direct ubiquitination of DR5 and hampers DR5 transport to the cell surface. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

BCL-6 Suppresses miR-142-3p/5p Expression in SLE CD4⁺ T Cells by Modulating Histone Methylation and Acetylation of the miR-142 Promoter

The BCL-6 expression was significantly increased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) CD4⁺ T cells compared with normal controls, and the BCL-6 expression was inversely correlated with miR-142-3p/5p expression. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article

IL-10 Signaling in Dendritic Cells Controls IL-1β-Mediated Ifnγ Secretion by Human CD4⁺ T Cells: Relevance to Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The authors demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-10 signaling in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), but not T cells, was essential for controlling IFNγ-secreting CD4⁺ T cells. Deficiency in IL-10 signaling dramatically increased IL-1β release by moDCs. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

The Δ133p53β Isoform Promotes an Immunosuppressive Environment Leading to Aggressive Prostate Cancer

Investigators demonstrated that elevated levels of Δ133TP53β isoform characterized prostate cancers with immune cell infiltration, particularly T cells and CD163⁺ macrophages. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Increased HERV-E Clone 4–1 Expression Contributes to DNA Hypomethylation and IL-17 Release from CD4⁺ T Cells via miR-302d/MBD2 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Scientists found human endogenous retroviruses E clone 4-1 (HERV-E clone 4-1) mRNA expression was upregulated in CD4⁺ T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and positively correlated with SLE disease activity. [Cell Commun Signal] Full Article

TCR Sequencing Reveals the Distinct Development of Fetal and Adult Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells

The authors showed that fetal blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells found their origin in the fetal thymus whereas adult blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were generated to a large degree independently after birth. [J Immunol] Abstract

Non-Parametric Combination Analysis of Multiple Data Types Enables Detection of Novel Regulatory Mechanisms in T Cells of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Researchers identified gene SH3YL1, which displayed significant correlated expression and methylation changes in multiple sclerosis patients. Silencing of SH3YL1 in primary human CD4 cells demonstrated its influence on T cell activation. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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Activin-A in the Regulation of Immunity in Health and Disease

The authors provide an overview of the biology of activin-A and its signaling pathways, summarize recent studies pertinent to the role of activin-A in the modulation of inflammation and immunity, and discuss the potential of targeting activin-A as a novel therapeutic approach for the control of inflammatory diseases. [J Autoimmun] Abstract

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Sanford Burnham Prebys Expands Collaboration with Lilly to Investigate Immunological Therapies

Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute announced a three-year extension to its existing collaboration with Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly) to discover and develop immunological therapies. The goals of the agreement are to advance ongoing projects—including a Phase I clinical trial of an immune therapy that arose from the research collaboration—and to expand the previous scope to include omics-based target identification studies. [Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute] Press Release

City of Hope Now Enrolling Patients for First-in-Human T Cell Trial for HPV-Associated Cancers

The first-in-human, Phase I T cell trial for patients who have human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers that have relapsed, or are resistant to treatment, is now open at City of Hope. [City of Hope] Press Release

NKMax America Initiates Phase I Clinical Trial of SNK in Patients with Psoriasis in Mexico

NKMax America announced that it has treated the first subject in study SNK01-MX03, a Phase I clinical trial evaluating SNK, an ex vivo expanded autologous natural killer cell therapeutic, in patients with plaque psoriasis. [NKMax America (PR Newswire Association LLC)] Press Release

ActoBio Therapeutics^™ Receives IND Green Light for New Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy Study Aimed at Improving Celiac Patients’ Tolerance of Gluten

ActoBio Therapeutics, Inc. announced that the FDA has given its permission to an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for AG017, an innovative orally-delivered therapeutic candidate for the treatment of celiac disease. [ActoBio Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

Brazil’s Budget Cuts Threaten More Than 80,000 Science Scholarships

Brazil’s main science-funding agency will have to suspend more than 80,000 scholarships to postdoctoral researchers and graduate and undergraduate students starting in September unless it receives additional cash from the government. [Nature News] Editorial

The Push to Replace Journal Supplements with Repositories

Broken links, clunky formats, and outdated platforms have both authors and publishers turning to alternative solutions. [The Scientist] Editorial

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