Immunology of Infectious Disease News 6.19 May 16, 2018 | |
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TOP STORYHigh-fiber diet-fed mice exhibited altered bone marrow hematopoiesis, characterized by enhanced generation of Ly6c– patrolling monocytes, which led to increased numbers of alternatively activated macrophages with a limited capacity to produce the chemokine CXCL1 in the airways. Diet-derived short-chain fatty acids boosted CD8+ T cell effector function by enhancing cellular metabolism. [Immunity] Full Article | Editorial | Graphical Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Researchers characterized T cell responses during the early phase of virological relapse following discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in HBeAg-negative patients. [J Hepatol] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Scientists isolated, from the blood of a recipient of the live attenuated Junin virus vaccine, two antibodies that cross-neutralize Machupo virus with varying efficiency. Structures of GP1-Fab complexes explained the basis for efficient cross-neutralization, which involved avoiding receptor mimicry and targeting a conserved epitope within the receptor-binding site. [Nat Commun] Full Article Early Changes in CD4+ T Cell Activation following Blood-Stage Plasmodium falciparum Infection The authors examined transcriptional changes in CD4+ T cells during blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum infection in individuals without a history of previous parasite exposure. CD4+ T cell CXCL8 gene transcription was identified as an early biomarker of sub-microscopic P. falciparum infection, with predictive power for parasite growth. [J Infect Dis] Abstract ELISPOT assays were used to examine circulating CD4 T cell influenza specificities directly ex vivo in healthy adults. Scientists revealed CD4 T cell reactivity to multiple influenza proteins, including hemagglutinins, NA, M1 and NP. [J Infect Dis] Abstract CD82 Hypomethylation Is Essential for Tuberculosis Pathogenesis via Regulation of RUNX1-Rab5/22 Researchers identified a previously unrecognized role of CD82 hypomethylation in the regulation of phagosome maturation, enhanced intracellular survival, and the innate host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article Investigators determined whether transcriptional gene silence can help to preserve the hosts’ hematopoietic potential in addition to peripheral CD4+ T cells against CCR5-tropic HIV infection. [AIDS] Abstract The authors investigated CD4+ T cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in influenza virus‐infected mice. They found that ILC2s accumulated in the lung rapidly after influenza virus infection, but the induction of IL‐5 and IL‐13 secretion was delayed and concomitant with T cell activation. [Eur J Immunol] Abstract CD4+CD8+ T cells from patients expressed and co-expressed higher levels of inhibitory receptors in direct proportion to the severity of the pathology. Benznidazole treatment reduced the frequency of CD4+CD8+ T cells and decreased the ratio of CD4+CD8low/CD4+CD8high subpopulations. [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immune Regulation News. | |
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REVIEWSHIV-1 Vaccines Based on Antibody Identification, B Cell Ontogeny, and Epitope Structure HIV-1 vaccine development has been stymied by an inability to induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies to the envelope (Env) trimer, the sole viral antigen on the virion surface. Epitope-based vaccine design involves the engineering of sites of Env vulnerability as defined by the recognition of broadly neutralizing antibodies, with cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies elicited in animal models. [Immunity] Abstract Immunological Responses to Influenza Vaccination: Lessons for Improving Vaccine Efficacy A critical factor in the maturation of influenza vaccine responses is the nearly inevitable binding of vaccine antigens by exiting anti-influenza IgGs. These antigen-IgG immune complexes direct the response to immunization by modulating cellular processes that determine antibody and T-cell repertoires: maturation of dendritic cells, processing and presentation of antigens to T cells, trafficking of antigens to the germinal center, and selection of B cells for antibody production. [Curr Opin Immunol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSExperimental Vaccine to Be Used against Ebola Outbreak in the DRC A campaign to vaccinate people at risk of developing Ebola in the latest outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) could begin very soon, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director-general of the World Health Organization. Tedros said the government of the DRC has formally asked to use an experimental vaccine being developed by Merck. [STAT News] Press Release | Editorial New Research Centers Created by Rosalind Franklin University Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science announced the formation of three new disease-based research centers focused respectively on genetic disorders, cancer cell biology, and proteomics and molecular therapeutics. [Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release ILiAD Biotechnologies, LLC and Vanderbilt University Medical Center announced filing of an Investigational New Drug application by the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the National Institutes of Health to study the next generation pertussis vaccine BPZE1 at the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program. [ILiAD Biotechnologies, LLC. (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release Arrowhead Doses First Hepatitis B Patients in Multiple Dose Portion of Phase I/II Study of ARO-HBV Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals Inc. announced that it has dosed the first three hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients in the multiple-ascending dose portion of its ongoing Phase I/II study of ARO-HBV, the company’s third generation subcutaneously administered RNA interference therapeutic being developed as a potentially curative therapy for patients with chronic HBV infection. [Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals Inc.] Press Release VBI Vaccines Announces Positive Final Phase I Study Results of Preventative CMV Vaccine VBI Vaccines Inc. announced positive final top-line results from the randomized, placebo-controlled Phase I study of VBI-1501, the company’s prophylactic cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine candidate. [VBI Vaccines Inc.] Press Release FluGen, Inc. announced that the first subject has been dosed in a clinical study in Belgium which will challenge subjects with an influenza virus genetically mismatched by six years from the influenza strain utilized in the vaccine. [FluGen, Inc.] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSJournal Retracts Paper Claiming Neurological Damage from HPV Vaccine Scientific Reports retracted a controversial paper claiming to show that mice given a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine showed signs of neurological damage. The paper was assailed by critics as being “pseudoscience” that could have “devastating” health consequences by undermining public confidence in a vaccine given to girls to prevent cervical cancer. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Huge Gender Disparity in Cancer Research Funding in U.K. The analysis examined data on both public and philanthropic grants given to support cancer research in the U.K. Male PIs were awarded 69 percent of the grants, and their grants were on average 1.3 times as large as those given to women, so that they received 78 percent of the total money allocated. [The Scientist] Editorial Patient Registries to Bolster Cell- and Gene-Therapy Clinical Trial Data As the first personalized cell and gene therapies are approved from small clinical trials, researchers propose the creation of publicly accessible databases to pull together real-world results. [The Scientist] Editorial NIH’s Plum Award for Young Scientists Skews Male, Agency’s Data Show These prestigious grants aim to vault the most promising new Ph.D.s to independence by allowing them to bypass postdoctoral fellowships and start their own labs immediately, providing up to $250,000 annually for 5 years. But since the awards were launched by NIH Director Francis Collins in 2010, men have consistently won them in numbers exceeding their representation in the applicant pool. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Sweden Cancels Agreement with Elsevier over Open Access A collection of Swedish universities and research institutions will not renew its current contract with Elsevier that expires at the end of June, Times Higher Education reports. The move comes not long after academic institutions in other countries have let publishers’ subscriptions lapse when fee negotiations come to an impasse. [The Scientists] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW 8th Meeting of the European Club for Liver Cell Biology (ECLCB-8) Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Clinical Research Fellow – Adult Vaccinology (University of Oxford) Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Immunity and Viral Infection (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Faculty Positions – Infectious Disease Research (Institut Pasteur of Shanghai) Postdoctoral Research Fellow/Junior Scientist – Pathogen Genomics (Fudan University) Postdoctoral Associate – Infectious Disease (Research Foundation for SUNY) Director of Biomarkers & Assays – Infectious Diseases Research (Moderna Therapeutics) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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