Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 7.20 | May 29 2019

TOP STORY

Augmentation of HIV-Specific T Cell Function by Immediate Treatment of Hyperacute HIV-1 Infection

Immediate treatment of Fiebig stages I and II infection led to a rapid decline in viral load and diminished magnitude of HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses compared to untreated donors. [Sci Transl Med] Full Article | Press Release

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N4BP1 Restricts HIV-1 and Its Inactivation by MALT1 Promotes Viral Reactivation

Researchers screened a panel of 62 cellular RNA-binding proteins and identified NEDD4-binding protein 1 (N4BP1) as a potent interferon-inducible inhibitor of HIV-1 in primary T cells and macrophages. [Nat Microbiol] Abstract

Schistosoma mansoni Treatment Reduces HIV Entry into Cervical CD4⁺ T Cells and Induces IFN-I Pathways

The authors analyzed the impact of standard S. mansoni (Sm) therapy in HIV-uninfected Sm⁺ Ugandan adult women on genital HIV susceptibility and mucosal and systemic immunology. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Heterogeneous GM-CSF Signaling in Macrophages Is Associated with Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Investigators performed RNAseq on restrictive and permissive macrophages and revealed that the expression of genes involved in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling discriminates between the two subpopulations. They demonstrated that blocking GM-CSF makes macrophages more permissive of M. tuberculosis growth while addition of GM-CSF increases bacterial control. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Memory Regulatory T Cells Home to the Lung and Control Influenza A Virus Infection

Scientists characterized the phenotype, examined the responsiveness and assessed the suppressive function of influenza A virus‐experienced memory regulatory T cells (mTregs). In comparison with inexperienced naïve Tregs, mTregs exhibited elevated expression of CD39, CD69, CD103, CTLA‐4, LFA‐1 and PD‐1 and could be activated in an antigen‐specific manner in vitro and in vivo. [Immunol Cell Biol] Abstract

Altered Proportions of Circulating CXCR5⁺ Helper T Cells Do Not Dampen Influenza Vaccine Responses in Children with Rheumatic Disease

The proportion of circulating helper T cells (T_FH) cells were significantly lower in non-treated children with pediatric rheumatic disease (PRD) compared to treated patients and healthy controls. The significantly lower proportion of T_FH cells was mirrored by a marked significant increase in CXCL13 serum level, the ligand for CXCR5, with higher levels in non-treated children with PRD compared to treated patients and healthy controls. [Vaccine] Abstract

Delivery of SA35 and SA40 Peptides in Mice Enhances Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses and Confers Protection against Cryptosporidium parvum Infection

Intraperitoneal immunization with SA35 and SA40 induced specific IgG and IgG1 in serum, specific IgA in the intestinal mucosa, increase of CD3⁺/CD4⁺ and CD30⁺ cells in splenocytes, which produced IFN-γ. [Parasit Vectors] Full Article

Incorporation of Ebola Glycoprotein into HIV Particles Facilitates Dendritic Cell and Macrophage Targeting and Enhances HIV-Specific Immune Responses

Researchers indicated that the incorporation of Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein into non-replicating virus-like particles enhanced their ability to target human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. [PLoS One] Full Article

Mast Cell Stabilizing Effect of a Geranyl Acetophenone in Dengue Virus Infection Using In Vitro Model of DENV3-Induced RBL-2H3 Cells

The authors established an in vitro model of dengue virus (DENV)3-induced RBL-2H3 cells using ketotifen fumarate as a control drug, as well as to determine the effect of geranyl acetophenone on the release of mast cell mediators upon DENV infection. [Biosci Rep] Abstract | Full Article

Boosting BCG with Proteins or rAd5 Does Not Enhance Protection against Tuberculosis in Rhesus Macaques

Scientists assessed whether heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens in which BCG priming is boosted with either protein and adjuvant delivered intramuscularly (IM), or replication-defective recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) expressing various Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) antigens administered simultaneously by IM and aerosol routes, could enhance blood- and lung-localized T-cell immunity and improve protection in a nonhuman primate model of TB infection. [npj Vaccines] Full Article

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Challenges in Estimating Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness

The authors aim to identify, discuss, and, where possible, offer suggestions for dealing with challenges in estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness . [Expert Rev Vaccines] Abstract

Caspase-8-Dependent Control of NK- and T Cell Responses during Cytomegalovirus Infection

Appropriate NK- and T cell immunity to murine cytomegalovirus is dependent on host caspase-8 function independent of RIPK3-regulated pathways. [Med Microbiol Immunol] Abstract

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Algenex and Global DX Sign Agreement to Develop and Commercialize Diagnostic Products for the Detection of African Swine Fever

Algenex SL and Global DX Ltd announce that they have entered into an agreement to jointly develop and commercialize diagnostic products for the detection of African Swine Fever. [Algenex SL] Press Release

NIAID Announces Two Awards for Multi-Year Studies of Influenza Immunity in Children

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, has announced two awards for the study of influenza immunity in children. [The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases] Press Release

Here’s Why the Outcomes of This Week’s European Elections Are Good News for Science

Although populist and euroskeptic parties grew in last week’s elections for the European Parliament, the tsunami that EU supporters feared didn’t happen. That comes as a relief to many scientists, because several of the populist movements now on the rise in Europe appear to have little interest in science, flirt with antiscientific ideas, or have tried to curtail academic freedom. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

White House Sends Mixed Messages on 2020 Research Spending Bills

President Donald Trump doesn’t want Congress to boost the budgets of the National Institutes of Health or the National Science Foundation. But he has no objection to giving more research dollars to parts of the Department of Energy and NASA. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Labor Agency Revisits Whether Graduate Students Can Unionize

Since 2016, graduate teaching and research assistants at private institutions have had legal protection to form unions thanks to a ruling by the National Labor Relations Board determining that the students qualify as employees. But that may soon change: The NLRB, which now has a Republican majority, announced last week that it will make a new rule regarding students’ employee status. [TheScientist] Editorial

NEW 12^th Transplant Infectious Disease Conference
November 13, 2019
Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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NEW PhD Position – Infection Biology/Mucosal Immunology (RWTH University Hospital)

PhD Studentship – Infection Research (Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research)

Postdoctoral Fellow Positions – Computational Biology, Virology, and Glycoproteomics (University of Missouri-Columbia)

Lecturer/Senior Lecturer/Reader/Professor – Vaccinology and Immunotherapy (University of Bristol)

Junior Professor – Mucosal Infection Biology (Aachen University)

Research Scientist – Immunology/HBV (Gilead Sciences, Inc.)

Postdoctoral Associate – Influenza Pathogenesis and Cell Death (Fox Chase Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Vaccine Research (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Research Scholar – HIV Research (Northern California Institute for Research and Education)

Postdoctoral Fellows – HIV Research (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Qualified Person – BioManufacturing (University of Oxford)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Malaria (Seattle Children’s)

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