Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 7.34 | Sep 4 2019

TOP STORY

A Protective Zika Virus E-Dimer-Based Subunit Vaccine Engineered to Abrogate Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Infection

Immunization of mice with Zika virus (ZIKV) E dimers induced dimer-specific antibodies, which protected against ZIKV challenge during pregnancy. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

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A Molecular Signature in Blood Reveals a Role for p53 in Regulating Malaria-Induced Inflammation

By integrating whole-blood transcriptomics, flow-cytometric analysis, and plasma cytokine and antibody profiles, the authors demonstrated that a pre-infection signature of B cell enrichment, upregulation of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cell-associated pathways, including interferon responses, and p53 activation associated with control of malarial fever and coordinated with Pf-specific immunoglobulin G and Fc receptor activation to control parasitemia. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

ER-Localized Hrd1 Ubiquitinates and Inactivates Usp15 to Promote TLR4-Induced Inflammation during Bacterial Infection

Hrd1 deficiency in macrophages protected mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock, and knockdown of Usp15 in Hrd1-knockout macrophages restored the reduced IL-6 production. [Nat Microbiol] Abstract

NK Cells Are Activated and Primed for Skin-Homing during Acute Dengue Virus Infection in Humans

Researchers analyzed the phenotype, temporal dynamics, regulation and trafficking of natural killer (NK) cells in a patient cohort with acute dengue virus infection. NK cells were robustly activated and proliferated during the first week after symptom debut. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release

Innate Immunity Limits Protective Adaptive Immune Responses against Pre-Erythrocytic Malaria Parasites

Scientists showed that IFN-1 signaling-deficient mice immunized with replication-competent sporozoites exhibit superior protection against infection. This correlated with superior CD8 T cell memory including reduced expression of the exhaustion markers PD-1 and LAG-3 on these cells and increased numbers of memory CD8 T cells in the liver. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Antibodies to the Conserved Region of the M Protein and a Streptococcal Superantigen Cooperatively Resolve Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome in HLA-Humanized Mice

Vaccination with a conserved M protein peptide, J8, protected against toxic shock syndrome by causing a dramatic reduction in bacterial burden associated with the absence of Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin and inflammatory cytokines in the blood. [Sci Adv] Full Article

A Promising Bioconjugate Vaccine against Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae

Investigators report on the recombinant production and analytical characterization of bioconjugate vaccines, enzymatically produced in glycoengineered Escherichia coli cells, against the 2 predominant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae serotypes, K1 and K2. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article

Decreased Humoral Immunity to Mumps in Young Adults Immunized with MMR Vaccine in Childhood

Blood samples from 71 healthy 18- to 23-year-old college students living in a non-outbreak area were assayed for antibodies and memory B cells to mumps, measles, and rubella. Seroprevalence rates of mumps, measles, and rubella determined by IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were 93, 93, and 100%, respectively. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

β-Glucan-Induced Trained Immunity Protects against Leishmania braziliensis Infection: A Crucial Role for IL-32

The authors demonstrated that monocytes trained with the fungal cell wall component β-glucan confer enhanced protection against infections caused by Leishmania braziliensis through the enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

A Gorilla Adenovirus-Based Vaccine against Zika Virus Induces Durable Immunity and Confers Protection in Pregnancy

Scientists generated two gorilla adenovirus-based Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccines that encoded for pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins or prM and the ectodomain of E protein. Both vaccines induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and prevented lethality after ZIKV challenge in mice. [Cell Rep] Full Article

Essential Roles of S100A10 in Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Immunity to Infection

Investigators demonstrated an essential function of S100A10 in toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. S100A10 was constitutively expressed in macrophages, but was significantly downregulated upon TLR activation. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

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Rheumatic Manifestations of Chikungunya: Emerging Concepts and Interventions

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-induced arthropathy arises from infection of multiple cell types in the joint and the infiltration of mainly mononuclear cells. Innate responses and cognate responses, alongside activation of macrophages and monocytes, mediate CHIKV-induced arthritic immunopathology. [Nat Rev Rheumatol] Abstract

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Aridis Pharmaceuticals Reports Phase II Clinical Trial Results of AR-105 for the Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Aridis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced results from the company’s first-in-patient Phase II clinical trial evaluating AR-105, a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by gram-negative P. aeruginosa. [Aridis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release

With New Grants, Gates Foundation Takes an Early Step toward a Universal Flu Vaccine

Scientific teams from inside and outside the world of influenza research have been awarded funding to try to unlock mysteries that could provide the foundation for a future universal flu vaccine, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the philanthropy Flu Lab have announced. [STAT News] Editorial

SutroVax Receives CARB-X Award for Up to $15 Million to Develop a Universal Vaccine to Prevent Group A Streptococcus Infections

SutroVax, Inc. announced it has received an award from CARB-X for up to $15 million in non-dilutive funding to develop a universal vaccine to prevent infections caused by Group A Strep bacteria, which include pharyngitis, impetigo, and necrotizing fasciitis. [SutroVax, Inc.] Press Release

Global Vaccine Coalition Unveils Ambitious Plan to Immunize 300 Million Children

Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, has unveiled an ambitious plan to expand the number of doses it helps developing countries purchase, aiming to vaccinate an additional 300 million children from 2021 to 2025. [STAT News] Editorial

Critics ‘Alarmed by Lack of Interest’ in Studying Children Put at Risk by Dengue Vaccine

Public health experts are debating how to help the 1 million children in the Philippines who received a new vaccine against dengue that could, in rare cases, sicken rather than protect them. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Cell Death in Immunity and Inflammation
October 6-9, 2019
Crete, Greece

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellowship – Respiratory Pathogens (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Scientific Communications Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Immune Cell Culture (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Natural Killer Cells (Karolinska Institutet)

Senior Investigator and Laboratory Chief – Infectious Diseases (The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Senior Scientist – Infectious Disease (The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Director – Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology (Gladstone Institutes)

Innovation Scholar – Neglected Diseases (Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Influenza (University of Georgia)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Antibody-Mediated Protection of EBV (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Senior Staff Fellow – Viral Vaccines (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research)

Postdoctoral Position – Mucosal Immunology (University of California, San Diego)

Postdoctoral Position – Infectious Disease (National Institute of Health)

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