Immune Regulation News Volume 11.24 | Jul 5 2019

TOP STORY

The Heme-Regulated Inhibitor Is a Cytosolic Sensor of Protein Misfolding that Controls Innate Immune Signaling

Scientists found that the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase heme-regulated inhibitor controls NOD1 signalosome folding and activation through a process requiring eIF2α, the transcription factor ATF4, and the heat shock protein HSPB8. [Science] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

c-Kit-Positive ILC2s Exhibit an ILC3-Like Signature That May Contribute to IL-17-Mediated Pathologies

Researchers identified a group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) subpopulation that could convert into interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing NKp44⁻ ILC3-like cells. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

Characterization of Transcriptional Regulatory Networks that Promote and Restrict Identities and Functions of Intestinal Innate Lymphoid Cells

Investigators integrated gene expression and chromatin accessibility data to infer regulatory interactions between transcription factors and genes within intestinal type 1, 2, and 3 innate lymphoid cell subsets. [Immunity] Abstract

Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Promote the Memory Potential of Antigen-Activated CD8⁺ T Cells

The authors examined the impact of the microbiota on CD8⁺ T cell memory. Antigen-activated CD8⁺ T cells transferred into germ-free mice failed to transition into long-lived memory cells and had transcriptional impairments in core genes associated with oxidative metabolism. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Iron-Dependent Histone 3 Lysine 9 Demethylation Controls B Cell Proliferation and Humoral Immune Responses

Investigators showed an important role for iron in inducing cyclin E and B cell proliferation. They found that iron-deficient individuals exhibited a significantly reduced antibody response to the measles vaccine when compared to iron-normal controls. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Fas Signaling-Mediated T_H9 Cell Differentiation Favors Bowel Inflammation and Antitumor Functions

Scientists showed that Fas promoted T_H9 cell differentiation by activating NF-κB via Ca2⁺-dependent PKC-β activation. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Induction of Obesity

Researchers showed that Il2rg^−/−Rag2^−/− mice lacking all lymphocytes were resistant to diet-induced obesity. Transplantation of bone marrow cells from Rag2^−/− mice, which lack only acquired immune cells, into Il2rg^−/−Rag2^−/− mice abolished this resistance, indicating a role for innate lymphoid cells in this process. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Nitric Oxide Modulates Metabolic Remodeling in Inflammatory Macrophages through TCA Cycle Regulation and Itaconate Accumulation

The authors showed that the nitric oxide synthase cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin modulated IL-1β production and key aspects of metabolic remodeling in activated murine macrophages via NO production. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Spliceosome Protein Eftud2 Promotes Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis by Modulating Inflammatory Response of Macrophage

Using an established mouse model of colitis-associated cancer, scientists showed that elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing 2 (Eftud2) was constantly overexpressed in colonic tissues as well as infiltrating macrophages. [Mucosal Immunol] Full Article

Hypoxia-Induced ZEB1 Promotes Cervical Cancer Progression via CCL8-Dependent Tumor-Associated Macrophage Recruitment

Researchers showed that high ZEB1 expression in hypoxic cervical cancer cell islets was positively correlated with CD163⁺ tumor-associated macrophage accumulation. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

E1A Oncogene Induced Sensitization to NK Cell Induced Apoptosis Requires PIDD and Caspase-2

Expression of the adenovirus E1A oncogene sensitized tumor cells to innate immune rejection by NK cells. This increased NK sensitivity was only partly explained by an E1A-induced increase in target cell surface expression of NKG2D ligands. [Cell Death Discov] Full Article

Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immunology of Infectious Disease News.

Targeting Immune Cell Circuits and Trafficking in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The author discusses pathogenic cytokine responses of immune cells as well as immune cell trafficking as a rational basis for new translational therapies in inflammatory bowel disease. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Vycellix Founders Awarded Innovation Grant by Sweden’s Vinnova to Establish New World-Class Research Environment on Development of Next-Generation Natural Killer Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy

Vycellix™, Inc. announced that the company has been included as a collaborative partner in the new Competence Center for Next-Generation NK Cell-based Cancer Immunotherapy being established at Karolinska Institutet. [Vycellix™, Inc.] Press Release

Cyxone Submits First Application to Start Clinical Phase IIb Trial with Rabeximod

Cyxone submitted an application to the Central Ethics Committee in Poland for permission to start a clinical Phase IIb trial with its drug candidate Rabeximod, which is in development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. [Cyxone AB] Press Release

Mexican President Eases Up on Researchers’ Travel Rules

A month after announcing increased austerity measures on international travel for scientists, Mexico’s National Council of Science and Technology announced that at least one restriction would be loosened. Scientists would not require presidential approval for every trip abroad. [The Scientist] Editorial

Hungarian Law Wrests Control of Research from Scientific Academy

The Hungarian Parliament passed a bill that takes control for funding Hungarian research bodies away from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and gives it to a government-led committee, Reuters reports. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW 17^th International Congress of Immunology (IUIS) 2019
October 19-23, 2019
Beijing, China

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Position – Mucosal Immunology (University of California San Diego)

Senior Scientist – Immuno-Oncology of Hematologic Malignancies (University of Kansas School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Molecular Immunology (Babraham Institute)

PhD Scholarships – Systems Biology in Immune and Infectious Diseases (University of Perugia)

Postdoctoral Position – Genetics & Immunology (Columbia University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Immunology (Feinberg School of Medicine-Northwestern University)

Researcher – Tumor Responses to Radiotherapy & Immunotherapy (University Hospital of Northern Norway)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.

Have we missed an important article or publication in Immune Regulation News? Click here to submit!

Comments or suggestions? Submit your feedback here.