Pancreatic Cell News Volume 11.0 | Jan 07 2020

TOP STORY

ImmunoPET Predicts Response to Met-Targeted Radioligand Therapy in Models of Pancreatic Cancer Resistant to Met Kinase Inhibitors

Investigators assessed cell membrane Met levels in human patient samples and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and cell-surface biotinylation assays. [Theranostics] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

DIABETES & PANCREATITIS

Inter-Individual Heterogeneity of SGLT2 Expression and Function in Human Pancreatic Islets

Quantitative analysis of 665 human islets reaffirmed sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) protein co-localization with glucagon-positive cells, but not with insulin or somatostatin. Glucagon secretion by islets from 31 donors at low-glucose was also heterogeneous, and correlated with dapagliflozin-induced glucagon secretion at 6 mM glucose. [Diabetes] Abstract

Luseogliflozin Increases Beta Cell Proliferation through Humoral Factors That Activate an Insulin Receptor- and IGF-1 Receptor-Independent Pathway

Scientists tested whether serum-derived factors had an effect on beta cell proliferation in genetically engineered beta cells, mouse islets or human islets. Circulating factors in both luseogliflozin- and OSI-906-treated mice promoted beta cell proliferation in both mouse islets and cadaveric human islets. [Diabetologia] Abstract

LIN28B Impairs the Transition of hESC-Derived β Cells from the Juvenile to Adult State

MicroRNA profiling showed high expression of let-7 family microRNAs in vivo, but not in in vitro differentiated β cells. Reduced levels of let-7 in vitro were associated with increased levels of the RNA binding protein LIN28B, a negative regulator of let-7 biogenesis. [Stem Cell Reports] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Artemisinin and Dihydroartemisinin Promote β-Cell Apoptosis Induced by Palmitate via Enhancing ER Stress

The rat pancreatic β-cell line INS-1 and mouse pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 were cultured with palmitate to induce cell apoptosis in the presence or absence of artemisinin or dihydroartemisinin. [Apoptosis] Abstract

vH⁺-ATPase-Induced Intracellular Acidification Is Critical to Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Beta Cells

MIN6 cells exposed to the vH⁺-ATPase inhibitor Bafilomycin A showed decreased acidification of the cytosolic compartment that included insulin-carrying granules. [Histochem Cell Biol] Abstract

Oxalomalate Regulates the Apoptosis and Insulin Secretory Capacity in Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic β-Cells

The authors investigated the protective effects of oxalomalate on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced β-cell damage and its underlying mechanisms. The viability of rat insulinoma cell line and the contents of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate were examined after cells being treated with STZ. [Drug Dev Res] Abstract

FCoR-Foxo1 Axis Regulates α-Cell Mass through Repression of Arx Expression

Investigators demonstrated that Fcor-knockout mice exhibited significantly increased α-cell mass, expression of the master α-cell regulatory transcription factor Aristaless-related homeobox. [iScience] Abstract | Full Article | Graphical Abstract

PANCREATIC CANCER

Regulation of Pancreatic Cancer TRAIL Resistance by Protein O-GlcNAcylation

Researchers evaluated the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in pancreatic cancer TRAIL resistance, and identified higher levels of O-GlcNAcylation in TRAIL-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. [Lab Invest] Abstract

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A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Phase III Randomised Controlled Trials for Adjuvant Therapy Following Resection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)

Scientists demonstrate that chemotherapy with S1 or modified FOLFRINOX is superior to GemCap for adjuvant treatment for PDAC, improves survival after surgical resection and should be considered as reasonable standard treatment options in the adjuvant setting and as control arm for future adjuvant clinical trials. [HPB (Oxford)] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pancreatic cell research field.

Myriad Receives FDA Approval of BRACAnalysis CDx^® as Companion Diagnostic for Lynparza^® (Olaparib) In Patients with Germline BRCA-Mutated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer

Myriad Genetics, Inc. announced that the US FDA has approved BRACAnalysis CDx^® for use as a companion diagnostic test by healthcare professionals to identify patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who have a germline BRCA mutation and are candidates for treatment with PARP inhibitor Lynparza^®. [Myriad Genetics, Inc.] Press Release

FDA Approves Fiasp^® for Treatment of Children with Diabetes

Novo Nordisk announced that the US FDA has approved Fiasp^® 100 u/mL for use as a new mealtime insulin option for children with diabetes. Fiasp^® is the first and only fast-acting mealtime insulin injection that does not have a pre-meal dosing recommendation. [Novo Nordisk A/S] Press Release

Government Call for Science ‘Weirdos’ Prompts Caution from Researchers

Researchers have reacted with surprise and caution to a bizarrely worded job advertisement posted by a senior UK government adviser. The notice calls for scientists, mathematicians and “super-talented weirdos” to work for the prime minister and to help make “rapid progress with long-term problems”, and cites several scientific papers. [Nature News] Editorial

UK Group Tackles Reproducibility in Research

Last month, ten UK universities became part of the UK Reproducibility Network, joining a network that already includes stakeholders such as the Academy of Medical Sciences, Research Libraries UK, the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, journals including Nature and PLOS, and local networks of researchers. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW Lorne Cancer Conference
February 13-15, 2020
Lorne, Australia

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor Immunology in Pancreatic Cancer (University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden)

NEW Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Novel Drivers of Pancreatic Cancer (H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute)

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Elevated Androgen in Type 2 Diabetes (Temple University)

NEW Postdoctoral Associate Position – Proteomics and Immunoproteomics in Diabetes (Cornell University)

Postdoctoral Fellow Positions – Genetics and Diabetes (University of Pennsylvania)

Postdoctoral Researchers – Cell Biology (Karolinska Institutet)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Cellular Fate in the Developing Pancreas (University of Copenhagen)

Postdoctoral Position – Cellular Signaling Mechanisms in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (Universitätsklinikum Freiburg)

Research Technician – Cell Engineering in Diabetes (Helmholtz Zentrum München)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (The University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Regenerative Medicine and Metabolic Biology (Indiana Biosciences Research Institute)

Research Positions – Pancreatic Beta-Cells (Université de Montréal)

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