Pulmonary Cell News Volume 9.17 | May 07 2020

TOP STORY

A Multibasic Cleavage Site in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is Essential for Infection of Human Lung Cells

Researchers report that the cellular protease furin cleaved the spike protein at the S1/S2 site and that cleavage was essential for S-protein-mediated cell-cell fusion and entry into human lung cells. [Mol Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Pharmacological Modulation of Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Controls Lung Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis

Investigators demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection increased endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria associations in cystic fibrosis bronchial cells by stabilizing vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B-protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 tethers. [Sci Adv] Full Article

EphA2 Phosphorylates NLRP3 and Inhibits Inflammasomes in Airway Epithelial Cells

Scientists report that in mouse airway epithelial cells, inflammasome activation was inhibited by EphA2, a member of the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor family, via tyrosine phosphorylation of NLRP3 in a model of reovirus infection. [EMBO Rep] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Evidence of Accumulated Endothelial Progenitor Cells in the Lungs of Rats with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by ⁸⁹Zr-Oxine PET Imaging

The authors isolated endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from human peripheral blood, identified their functional integrity, and efficiently labeled the EPCs with ⁸⁹Zr-oxine and DiO. [Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

LUNG CANCER

Multiple Targeting Strategies Achieve Novel Protein Drug Delivery into Proapoptosis Lung Cancer Cells by Precisely Inhibiting Survivin

Compared to free TATm-Survivin, the PEGylated-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle platform achieved a significantly higher cellular uptake efficiency, effectively decreased IC₅₀, and largely elevated apoptosis in different cancer cells. [Nanoscale] Abstract

The USP10-HDAC6 Axis Confers Cisplatin Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Lacking Wild-Type p53

Reintroducing either ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) or HDAC6 into a USP10-knockdown non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cell line with null-p53 rendered cisplatin resistance. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Bevacizumab Combined with Apatinib Enhances Antitumor and Anti-Angiogenesis Effects in a Lung Cancer Model In Vitro and In Vivo

In vitro, investigators assessed the influence which bevacizumab + apatinib treatment exerted upon the proliferation as well as apoptosis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells in virtue of the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide as assay as well as Annexin V staining. [J Drug Target] Abstract

Strand Breaks and Chemical Modification of Intracellular DNA Induced by Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Irradiation

DNA damage in the A549 human lung cancer cell line treated with cold plasma irradiation was investigated. Scientists confirmed that cold atmospheric plasma generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in a liquid. [PLoS One] Abstract

Targeting Toll-Like Receptor 4 With CLI-095 (TAK-242) Enhances the Antimetastatic Effect of the Estrogen Receptor Antagonist Fulvestrant on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

The aggressiveness of non-small cell lung cancer cells treated with fulvestrant, CLI-095 or the drug combination and formation status of their invadopodia, invasion-associated structures, were investigated. [Clin Transl Oncol] Full Article

MicroRNA-374b Mediates the Initiation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Regulating ITGB1 and p53 Expressions

Overexpression of miR-374b inhibited cell viability and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, miR-374b blocked EMT and promoted p53 expression in NSCLC. [Thorac Cancer] Full Article

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Mechanisms of ATII-to-ATI Cell Differentiation During Lung Regeneration

New studies have uncovered signaling pathways that mediate ATII-to-ATI differentiation. The authors recently identified a novel transitional cell state through which ATII cells pass as they differentiate into ATI cells, and this has been validated by others in various models of lung injury. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pulmonary cell research field.

Sanofi: Phase III Trial of Libtayo^® (Cemiplimab) as Monotherapy for First-Line Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Stopped Early Due to Highly Significant Improvement in Overall Survival

Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced the primary endpoint of overall survival was met in a Phase III trial comparing the PD-1 inhibitor Libtayo^® to platinum doublet chemotherapy in patients with first-line locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that tested positive for PD-L1 in ≥50% of tumor cells. [Sanofi] Press Release

Chimerix Announces Initiation of a Phase II/III Study of DSTAT in Acute Lung Injury for Patients with Severe COVID-19

Chimerix announced the company’s initiation of a Phase II/III study of dociparstat sodium (DSTAT) in COVID-19 patients with acute lung injury. DSTAT is a glycosaminoglycan derivative of heparin with robust anti-inflammatory properties, including the potential to address underlying causes of coagulation disorders. [Chimerix] Press Release

‘It Will Not Be Easy.’ as Labs Begin to Reopen, Enormous Challenges Remain

One of the biggest challenges labs face is how to keep their members physically distanced to limit any potential spread of SARS-CoV-2. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Coronavirus: Share Lessons on Lifting Lockdowns

Countries are starting to lift restrictions on movement, but there is little consensus on how this should be done. Sharing best practice is the way forward. [Nature News] Editorial

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NEW Postdoctoral Scientist – Lung Cancer Clinical Research (Instituto de Investigación Hospital)

NEW Principal Scientist – Respiratory Inflammation Research (Amgen Inc.)

Junior Research Group Leader – Lung Cancer (Justus Liebig University Giessen)

Branch Chief – Integrative Tumor Epidemiology (NIH National Cancer Institute)

PhD Studentship – Organoid Engineering in Lung Diseases (Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health)

Laboratory Manager – Lung Diseases (Helmholtz Zentrum München)

Postdoctoral Fellow – SARS-CoV-2 Lung Infection (Boston University)

Research Fellow – Respiratory Viruses (Queen’s University Belfast)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Tumor Metabolism and DNA Repair (The Ohio State University)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Lung Injury (University of Illinois at Chicago)

Research Associate – Cystic Fibrosis (Michigan State University)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Lung Epithelium (Boston University)

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