Immune Regulation News Volume 12.37 | Oct 2 2020

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    IRN 12.37 | Oct 2 2020


    Immune Regulation News by STEMCELL Technologies
    TOP STORY
    Vol. 12.37 – 2 October, 2020

    Functional
    CRISPR Dissection of Gene Networks Controlling Human Regulatory T Cell Identity

    Scientists used pooled and arrayed Cas9 ribonucleoprotein screens to identify transcription factors that regulate critical proteins in primary human regulatory T cells under basal and proinflammatory conditions.
    [Nature Immunology]

    Abstract

    Learn about immunological considerations for hPSC banking by watching Dr. David Turner's webinar from the Nature Research Round Table on hPSC Quality
    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

    BATF3 Programs CD8+ T Cell Memory

    Investigators showed that BATF3 was expressed transiently within the first days after T cell priming and had long-lasting T cell–intrinsic effects.
    [Nature Immunology]

    Abstract

    Repurposing a Novel Anti-Cancer RXR Agonist to Attenuate Acute GvHD and Maintain Graft-versus-Leukemia Responses

    The authors showed that in vivo IRX4204 was compared favorably with FK506 in abrogating acute graft-versus-host disease, which was associated with inhibiting allogeneic donor T cell proliferation, reducing T helper 1 differentiation and promoting regulatory T cell generation.
    [Blood]

    Full Article

    Engineered Th17 Cell Differentiation Using a Photo-Activatable Immune Modulator

    Scientists report a synthetic immunology approach using a photo-activatable immune modulator to increase Th17 cell differentiation on demand with spatial and temporal precision. They developed a latent agonist that, upon photochemical activation, releases a small-molecule ligand that targets the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and ultimately induces Th17 cell differentiation.
    [Journal of the American Chemical Society]

    Abstract

    An
    Antibody Targeting ICOS Increases Intratumoral Cytotoxic to Regulatory T Cell Ratio and Induces Tumor Regression

    Researchers performed immune profiling of samples from tumor bearing mice and cancer patients to demonstrate differential expression of inducible co-stimulatory receptor (ICOS) in immune T cell subsets in different tissues. ICOS expression was higher on intratumoral TReg than on effector CD8 T cells.
    [Cancer Immunology Research]

    Full Article

    Tumor
    Cell-Derived TGFβ1 Attenuates Antitumor Immune Activity of T Cells via Regulation of PD-1 mRNA

    The authors describe a mechanism underlying the regulation of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) at the mRNA level and demonstrated its impact on T-cell dysfunction. Transcriptomic analysis identified a correlation between transforming growth factor beta 1 and PDCD1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma samples.
    [Cancer Immunology Research]

    Full Article

    Local Targeting of NAD+
    Salvage Pathway Alters the Immune Tumor Microenvironment and Enhances Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma

    Scientists showed that microparticle-mediated intratumoral delivery of NAMPT inhibitor GMX1778 induced specific immunological changes in the tumor microenvironment of murine glioblastoma, characterized by upregulation of immune checkpoint PD-L1, recruitment of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells.
    [Cancer Research]

    Full Article

    Transient
    Activation of the Hedgehog-Gli Pathway Rescues Radiotherapy-Induced Dry Mouth via Recovering Salivary Gland Resident Macrophages

    Researchers showed in mice that activation of canonical Gli-dependent Hedgehog signaling by Gli1 gene transfer was sufficient to recover salivary function impaired by irradiation.
    [Cancer Research]

    Full Article

    Pterostilbene
    Reduces Colonic Inflammation by Suppressing Dendritic Cell Activation and Promoting Regulatory T Cell Development

    Pterostilbene (PSB) was found to exert the strongest inhibitory effect among all tested resveratrol derivatives on dendritic cell‐mediated T cell proliferation; moreover, PSB treatment decreased the Th1 and Th17 populations and increased the regulatory T cell population.
    [FASEB Journal]

    Full Article

    Translation
    Elongation Factor 2 Depletion by siRNA in Mouse Liver Leads to mTOR-Independent Translational Upregulation of Ribosomal Protein Genes

    Researchers demonstrated the feasibility of perturbing protein synthesis in a mouse liver by targeting translation elongation factor 2 with RNAi. They were able to achieve over 90% knockdown efficacy and maintain it for two weeks effectively slowing down the rate of translation elongation.
    [Scientific Reports]

    Full Article

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    REVIEWS

    Transcription
    Tipping Points for T Follicular Helper Cell and T-Helper 1 Cell Fate Commitment

    The authors review the current information on the mode of action of the lineage-defining transcription factors Bcl6 and T-bet and how they act individually and in complex to govern CD4+ T-cell ontogeny.
    [Cellular & Molecular Immunology]

    Full Article

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    Oncocyte
    Agrees to Enter Licensing and Collaboration Agreement with Chronix Biomedical

    Oncocyte Corporation announced that it has agreed to enter a licensing and collaboration agreement with Chronix Biomedical. Oncocyte is licensing Chronix’s patented CNI Monitor technology for the TheraSure-CNI MONITOR clinical assay.
    [Oncocyte Corporation]

    Press Release

    Teneobio Announces US FDA Clearance of Investigational New Drug Application for TNB-486 and the Initiation of Phase I Clinical Studies in Patients with B-Cell Malignancies

    Teneobio, Inc. and its affiliate TeneoTwo, Inc. announced that their investigational new drug application for TNB-486, a bispecific T-cell engaging antibody for the treatment of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma was cleared for the initiation of Phase I clinical studies by the FDA on September 30, 2020.
    [Teneobio, Inc.]

    Press Release

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