Neural Cell News Volume 14.40 | Oct 21 2020

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    2020-10-21 | DCN 14.40


    Neural Cell News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 14.40 – 21 October, 2020
    TOP STORY

    Non-Canonical Targets of HIF1a Impair Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Function

    Using a model of chronic hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF1a) accumulation in pluripotent-stem-cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs), researchers demonstrated that HIF1a activates non-canonical targets to impair generation of oligodendrocytes from OPCs.
    [Cell Stem Cell]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    Survey Report: Where Is Pluripotent Stem Cell Research Now?
    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

    DOT1L-Mediated Murine Neuronal Differentiation Associates with H3K79me2 Accumulation and Preserves SOX2-Enhancer Accessibility

    Researchers showed that H3K79me2 increases and H3K27ac decreases globally during in vitro neuronal differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Siah2 Integrates Mitogenic and Extracellular Matrix Signals Linking Neuronal Progenitor Ciliogenesis with Germinal Zone Occupancy

    Scientists determined that the Siah2 E3 ubiquitin ligase functions in a coincidence detection circuit linking responses to the Shh mitogen and the extracellular matrix to control cerebellar granule neurons germinal zone occupancy.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    A Ca2+-Dependent Switch Activates Axonal Casein Kinase 2α Translation and Drives G3BP1 Granule Disassembly for Axon Regeneration

    Investigators showed that G3BP1 phosphorylation by casein kinase 2α (CK2α) triggered G3BP1 granule disassembly in injured axons. CK2α activity was temporally and spatially regulated by local translation of Csnk2a1 mRNA in axons after injury, but this required local translation of mTor mRNA and buffering of the elevated axonal Ca2+ that occurred after axotomy.
    [Current Biology]

    Full ArticlePress ReleaseGraphical Abstract

    CMTR1-Catalyzed 2′-O-Ribose Methylation Controls Neuronal Development by Regulating Camk2α Expression Independent of RIG-I Signaling

    Researchers found that knockdown of cap methyltransferase 1 (CMTR1) impaired dendrite development independent of secretory cytokines and retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) signaling.
    [Cell Reports]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Live Imaging Reveals Cerebellar Neural Stem Cell Dynamics and the Role of VNUT in Lineage Progression

    The authors used an adapted cell preparation of isolated postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs) and live imaging to demonstrate that cerebellar progenitors maintain their neurogenic nature by displaying hallmarks of NSCs.
    [Stem Cell Reports]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Endothelial, Pericyte and Tumor Cell Expression in Glioblastoma Identifies Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) as an Excellent Target for Immunotherapy

    Short‐term cultures of glioma neural stem cells were compared to cultures of healthy astrocytes and neurons using flow cytometry. Glioblastoma tissues were dissociated and analyzed by high‐parameter flow cytometry and single‐cell transcriptomics.
    [Clinical & Translational Immunology]

    Full Article

    Sorcin Is an Early Marker of Neurodegeneration, Ca2+ Dysregulation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Associated to Neurodegenerative Diseases

    Scientists showed that Sorcin expression levels were strongly increased in cellular, animal, and human models of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease, vs. normal cells.
    [Cell Death & Disease]

    Full Article

    Prevention of Mitochondrial Impairment by Inhibition of Protein Phosphatase 1 Activity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

    Researchers found that Dynamin-related protein 1 was dephosphorylated in several ALS models, including those with SOD1 and TDP-43 mutations, and the dephosphorylation was mediated by the pathological induction of protein phosphatase 1 activity in these models.
    [Cell Death & Disease]

    Full Article

    Novel Carbon Film Induces Precocious Calcium Oscillation to Promote Neuronal Cell Maturation

    Investigators tested the capacity of a carbon material composed of amorphous sp3 carbon backbone, embedded with a percolating network of sp2 carbon domains to sustain neuronal cultures. They found that cortical neurons survived and developed faster on this novel carbon material.
    [Scientific Reports]

    Full Article

    Reduced EGFR and Increased miR-221 Is Associated with Increased Resistance to Temozolomide and Radiotherapy in Glioblastoma

    Researchers explored the underlying mechanisms behind treatment resistance and the lack of success with anti-EGFR therapy in the clinic. After generating a number of treatment-resistant Glioblastoma cell lines, they observed that resistant cell lines lacked EGFR activation and expression.
    [Scientific Reports]

    Full Article

    Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Agonist ACEA Alleviates Brain Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via CB1–Drp1 Pathway

    Scientists used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury in neuronal cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats to mimic ischemic brain injury, and hypothesized that the CB1 receptor agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA) would protect ischemic neurons by inhibiting mitochondrial fission via dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1).
    [Cell Death Discovery]

    Full Article

    STEMCELL's Neural Crest Differentiation Kit enables high-purity generation of neural crest precursors from human pluripotent stem cells.
    REVIEWS

    Transient Cortical Circuits Match Spontaneous and Sensory-Driven Activity during Development

    The early-generated, largely transient neurons of the subplate play a key role in integrating spontaneous and sensory-driven activity. Early pathological conditions — such as hypoxia, inflammation, or exposure to pharmacological compounds — alter spontaneous activity patterns, which subsequently induce disturbances in cortical network activity.
    [Science]

    Full Article

    The Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 in Neuronal Signaling: From Neurodevelopment to Neurodegeneration

    A highly pleiotropic and context-dependent nature of protein interacting with NIMA-1 (Pin1) functional activity, strictly dependent on the phosphorylation patterns of its cellular targets, clearly emerges. In the nervous system, Pin1 is fundamental both for embryonic development and cellular homeostasis in adult neurons, due to its role as regulator of cell death and survival.
    [Molecular Neurobiology]

    Full Article

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    Cyclo Therapeutics Phase III Pivotal Program Can Begin Enrollment per US FDA

    Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc. received notification from the US FDA that enrollment could proceed for its Phase III global pivotal clinical trial.
    [Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc.]

    Press Release

    NOXXON Announces Three Additional Clinical Centers to Recruit Patients for NOX-A12 Brain Cancer Trial

    NOXXON Pharma N.V. announced the collaboration with three additional clinical sites to increase recruitment capacity for the Phase I/II brain cancer study of NOX-A12 plus radiotherapy, as a measure to ensure the timely completion of the study under the current challenging conditions posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
    [NOXXON Pharma N.V.]

    Press Release

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    University of Copenhagen – Copenhagen, Denmark

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