[Nature] Researchers metagenomically sequenced 4,526 longitudinal fecal samples from 714 mother–infant pairs. They observed that the maternal gut microbiome undergoes only subtle changes during pregnancy and postpartum, influenced by diet, infections, and pre-pregnancy smoking.

[Nature] Scientists developed an in vivo model that efficiently recovers human T cells from solid tumours, permitting genome-wide CRISPR screens with few mice. Tumor-infiltrating T cells from this model exhibit hallmarks of dysfunction compared with splenic T cells, creating an ideal screening context.

[EMBO Molecular Medicine] Scientists defined a new role for PRMT5 in regulating and coordinating the interplay between the innate and adaptive immune response.

[Cell Reports] The authors performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 26 blood samples from 18 neonates, spanning acute sepsis, convalescence, and healthy controls. They identified 57 cell subtypes, revealing acute lymphoid depletion and myeloid expansion.

[Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy] Scientists map current and emerging therapeutic strategies, from approved B cell and antibody-directed agents in hematologic malignancies to tertiary lymphoid structures-inducing, Fc-engineering, vaccine, and isotype-modulating approaches in solid tumors.

[Trends in Immunology] Investigators discuss how exercise-responsive microbiota and microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and the one-carbon metabolite formate, influence systemic inflammation, antitumor CD8 T cell immunity, autoimmunity, and metabolic disease.

[Science Advances] Scientists integrated transcriptomics with proteomics analyses of whole cells or highly purified mitochondria to characterize mitochondrial remodeling in LPS/IFN-γ– and IL-4/IL-13–treated macrophages.

[Cell Reports] Using single-cell immune profiling, researchers analyzed T cells from supercentenarians and found that cytotoxic T lymphocytes begin to expand around the age of 100, characterized by sequential CD27/CD28 loss without exhaustion.

[Scripps Research] Scripps Research assistant professor Dr. Tiantian Liu has received a five-year NIAID DP2 award from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to advance basic understanding of immune processes that could aid the design of next-generation immunotherapies.

[Cell Death & Differentiation] Investigators reported that sublethal oxidative stress activates a β cell-enriched epigenetic switch that licenses intrinsic inflammation.

[Diabetes] Scientists combined human islet single-cell transcriptomics with mouse pancreatic-cell profiling to show that pericytes, rather than endothelial cells, are the primary source of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in healthy islets.

[Journal of Materials Chemistry B] The authors reported the development of a sulfonium lipid nanoparticle system for pancreas-specific interleukin-10 mRNA delivery in acute pancreatitis.