[Nature Immunology] MDA5’s RNA agonists are not well defined. Scientists used single-nucleotide resolution crosslinking and immunoprecipitation to study its ligands.

[npj Viruses] Mosquito-borne orthoflaviviruses alternate between vertebrates and mosquitoes, where they establish distinct infection outcomes. The authors discuss how mitochondrial dynamics and inter-organelle communication may shape orthoflavivirus replication and infection outcome.

[Cell Death Discovery] Researchers identified diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1) as a critical regulator of macrophage pyroptosis during infection with a classical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate.

[Immunity] Researchers examined myeloid and CD4+ T cell dynamics in lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes (medLNs) after aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Mtb persists in medLNs within monocytic niches, eliciting classical antimicrobial programs that are insufficient for sterilizing control.

[Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy] The authors review the major pattern recognition receptors families and their downstream signaling pathways, culminating in the production of cytokines and inflammasome activation.

[Nature Communications] Investigators examined three Omicron mutations in C-terminus of S1: H655Y, N679K, and P681H. Generating a SARS-CoV-2 triple mutant, they found that the mutant increases spike processing, consistent with prior reports for H655Y/P681H.

[Nature] Scientists define principles of pathogen recognition, signal amplification, and immune effector function that shape mechanisms of antiviral immunity that are shared across kingdoms of life.

[Nature] Investigators revealed significant reactivation of Herpesviridae and Anelloviridae during acute COVID-19, with distinct temporal dynamics for different viruses, and demonstrate that reactivation correlates with disease severity, host immune effects, and clinical outcomes.

[Emerging Microbes & Infections] Using well-validated organoid-based neutralization assays, researchers compared the potency and breadth of Pemivibart, the only FDA-authorized SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) under an Emergency Use Authorization in clinical use, and SA55, a fully human class 1/4 mAb that is currently under clinical trial.

[Science Advances] Investigators demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein functions in a stimulus-specific manner, specifically amplifying extracellular and dampening intracellular RNA sensing. They highlight N-mediated immune imbalance as a driver of severe COVID-19 and identify N as a therapeutic target to mitigate hyperinflammation.

[Trends In Parasitology] While often considered distinct, cancer and malaria share common features, including continuous cell replication within the body, systemic inflammation, immune modulation and evasion, metabolic reprogramming, endothelial dysfunction, and drug efflux mechanisms.

[EMBO Reports] The authors found that cadherin 1 (CDH1) overexpression attenuates pseudoviral and authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection in ACE2-expressing HEK293T cells and human OE organoids, whereas CDH1 downregulation promotes infection.