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Immunology of Infectious Disease News
Immunology of Infectious Disease News is an online resource dedicated to covering the latest research and developments in the field of infectious diseases.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Sensitize Tumours to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
[Nature] Scientists showed that mRNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 also sensitize tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In preclinical models, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines led to a substantial increase in type I interferon, enabling innate immune cells to prime CD8+ T cells that target tumour-associated antigens.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Acr1 Protein Mitigates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Symptoms by Generating Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Regulatory T Cells
[Immunology] Researchers observed that Acr1 skews the differentiation of dendritic cells into functionally competent myeloid-derived suppressor cells that chiefly secrete immunosuppressive molecules, expand regulatory T cells and attenuate inflammatory responses.
Immunotherapy for Tuberculosis: Current Strategies and Future Directions
[Military Medical Research] The authors explore the advancements in diverse tuberculosis immunotherapeutic strategies, including efficacy, safety, and administration methods.
Fundamental Role of Spatial Positioning of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Mycobacterial Survival in Macrophages
[Nature Communications] Scientists determined the spatial-localization of M. tuberculosis inside macrophages with reference to the nucleus. Few M. tuberculosis cells are perinuclear, while most are peripheral.
Bioenergetic Reprogramming of Macrophages Reduces Drug Tolerance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
[Nature Communications] Investigators found that macrophages with high oxidative phosphorylation and low glycolysis harbor reductive, drug-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), whereas glycolytically active macrophages generate mitochondrial ROS via reverse electron transport, imposing oxidative stress on Mtb and enhancing drug efficacy.
Spatial Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Pathological Niches in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Neuroinvasion
[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America] Researchers investigated the early stages of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in the mouse brain employing a highly multiplexed spatial transcriptomics platform to map viral RNA and host gene expressions in intact brain sections at a single-cell resolution.
Tfh2 and a Subset of Tfh1 Cells Associate with Antibody-Mediated Immunity to Malaria
[JCI Insight] Scientists mapped pTfh cell heterogeneity in healthy individuals prior to and during controlled human malaria infection using parallel scRNA-seq and VDJ-seq. They uncover two pTfh1 subsets or differential phenotypic states, distinguishable by CCR7 expression.
Cytosolic Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) Orchestrates Neutrophil Hyperactivation in COVID-19
[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America] Investigators reported elevated cytosolic levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in neutrophils from patients with severe and critical COVID-19, correlating with enhanced NADPH oxidase–dependent reactive oxygen species generation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
The Co-Regulation of HPV Infection by Vaginal Microbiota and the Immune System
[Virology Journal] Establishing a tripartite coordinated regulatory mechanism model involving the microbiota, immune system, and HPV will facilitate the development of individualized predictive models in the future, identification of precise intervention targets, and maximization of HPV clearance.
Simultaneous Priming of HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Precursors to Multiple Epitopes by Germline-Targeting mRNA-LNP Immunogens in Mouse Models
[Science Immunology] Scientists used preclinical mouse models with physiologically relevant frequencies of broadly neutralizing antibody precursor–bearing B cells to compare precursor elicitation by coadministration of multiple protein or mRNA lipid nanoparticle germline-targeting immunogens.
Withaferin a Inhibits EBV-Driven Lymphomagenesis through Multiple Mechanisms, Including EBNA1 Degradation
[Blood] Across a panel of lymphoma cell lines, Withaferin A demonstrated selective cytotoxicity toward Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in part through proteasome-dependent degradation of EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and subsequent loss of viral episomes, alongside additional effects on cellular stress and survival pathways.
A Choline-Sensing Regulator Coordinates Metabolic Adaptation and Pathogenesis in Pulmonary Infections
[Science Advances] Researchers demonstrate that choline (Cho)–induced regulator (CodR), a GcvA-type transcriptional regulator, serves as a master regulator integrating virulence, antibiotic resistance, and phosphatidylcholine catabolism during pulmonary infection.
Immunology of Infectious Disease News was founded to keep the scientific community current with the latest developments in infectious disease research. We feature high-impact publications, news, jobs, and events focused on immune responses to and the development of treatments for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, and malaria.
