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Immunology of Infectious Disease News
Immunology of Infectious Disease News is an online resource dedicated to covering the latest research and developments in the field of infectious diseases.
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Autophagic Extracellular Vesicles (AEVs) Are Distinct from Exosomes and Play Crucial Roles in Viral Infections
[Nature Communications] Scientists confirmed that the enteroviral particles or genomes can be encapsulated into a subtype of small extracellular vesicles, termed autophagic extracellular vesicles, and subsequently infect receptor-negative cells with high efficiency.
Interleukin-2 Is a Potent Latency Reversal Agent in People with Treated HIV-1
[Science Advances] The authors asked whether administration of recombinant interleukin-2 to people with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy would induce HIV-1 replication and activate cellular immunity.
Interleukin-27 Is Antiviral against Zika Virus at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
[Nature Communications] Researchers showed that trophoblast organoids derived from human placentas constitutively express both IL-27 and its receptor, and restrict Zika virus infection through IL-27 signaling.
Inhibition of CXCL10 and IFN-γ Ameliorates Myocarditis in Preclinical Models of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination
[Science Translational Medicine] Through analysis of human plasma data and in vitro experiments with human macrophages and T cells, researchers identified increased C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) after exposure to BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna).
Distinct Systemic Immune Responses in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Dengue Virus Infection
[Science Translational Medicine] Scientists conducted single-cell RNA and immune receptor sequencing of PBMCs from donors with varying disease severities including asymptomatic dengue and performed longitudinal analysis in a symptomatic dengue cohort, enabling identification of distinct immune responses.
Alternative Antigen Retention by a Gp96-Fusion Approach Induces Long-Lasting and Broad Immunity in Mice
[Nature Communications] Investigators validated the vaccine strategy using the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antigen in a viral challenge model with hACE2 mice and the human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein in a HeLa xenograft model with nude mice.
Global Remodeling of ADP-Ribosylation by PARP1 Suppresses Influenza a Virus Infection
[Nature Communications] Scientists showed that PARPs mount an antiviral response to influenza A virus infection causing a rapid and dramatic upregulation of global ADP-ribosylation that inhibits viral replication.
β2-Adrenergic Signaling Controls Neonatal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection by Promoting Viral Clearance and Airway Protection
[Nature Communications] In a mouse model of neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection, scientists found that stimulation of adrenergic signaling via β2-AR agonist increases viral clearance, anti-inflammatory responses, and disease recovery.
Resistance Potential of the HLA-A2-Restricted Immunodominant SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD8+ T Cell Receptor Repertoire to Antigenic Drift
[Nature Communications] To better understand the breadth of antigen repertoire coverage, scientists interrogated the ability of SARS-CoV-2 specific TCRs to bind all point mutations of the immunodominant HLA-A2:S269-277 epitope.
Global Remodeling of ADP-Ribosylation by PARP1 Suppresses Influenza a Virus Infection
[Nature Communications] Scientists showed that PARPs mount an antiviral response to influenza A virus infection causing a rapid and dramatic upregulation of global ADP-ribosylation that inhibits viral replication.
mRNA-1010 Influenza Vaccine Elicits Distinct and Enhanced Humoral Immunity Compared to Adjuvanted Inactivated Vaccines
[NPJ Vaccines] To assess immune responses to mRNA vaccination, a system serology approach compared humoral profiles between recipients of investigational seasonal influenza mRNA-1010 vaccine and adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine.
HIV-Induced Sialoglycans on Infected CD4+ T Cells Promote Immune Evasion from Myeloid Cell-Mediated Killing
[Nature Communications] Using targeted glycomic analyses and gene editing, researchers showed that HIV infection reprograms the glycosylation machinery of infected cells to increase the expression of the sialoglycan ligands for Siglec-3, −7, and −9. These ligands engage Siglecs on myeloid cells, impairing their ability to target HIV-infected cells.
Immunology of Infectious Disease News was founded to keep the scientific community current with the latest developments in infectious disease research. We feature high-impact publications, news, jobs, and events focused on immune responses to and the development of treatments for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, and malaria.
