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Immunology of Infectious Disease News
Immunology of Infectious Disease News is an online resource dedicated to covering the latest research and developments in the field of infectious diseases.
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Molecular, Cellular, Tissue, and Organismal Functions of Type III Interferons
[Annual Review of Immunology] The authors characterize the activity of type III interferons on distinct cell types in different tissues and organs and detail their impact for the host in the context of viral, bacterial, helminth, and fungal infections.
IgA-Driven Neutrophil Activation Underlies Severe Dengue Disease after Primary Zika Virus Infection in Humans
[Nature Immunology] Leveraging a long-standing Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study in Nicaragua, researchers showed that anti-NS1 immunoglobulin A antibodies in plasma, elicited after a primary Zika flavivirus infection, drive neutrophil activation and correlate with increased risk of subsequent severe DENV2 disease.
CD8+ T Cell Immunity in HIV Cure and Prevention: Linking Stemness, Spatial Niches, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
[Annual Review of Immunology] The authors highlight emerging insights, informed by novel clinical trial frameworks, into CD8+ T cell dynamics during acute HIV infection, early therapy, and treatment interruption.
Autophagic Extracellular Vesicles (AEVs) Are Distinct from Exosomes and Play Crucial Roles in Viral Infections
[Nature Communications] Scientists confirmed that the enteroviral particles or genomes can be encapsulated into a subtype of small extracellular vesicles, termed autophagic extracellular vesicles, and subsequently infect receptor-negative cells with high efficiency.
Interleukin-2 Is a Potent Latency Reversal Agent in People with Treated HIV-1
[Science Advances] The authors asked whether administration of recombinant interleukin-2 to people with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy would induce HIV-1 replication and activate cellular immunity.
Interleukin-27 Is Antiviral against Zika Virus at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
[Nature Communications] Researchers showed that trophoblast organoids derived from human placentas constitutively express both IL-27 and its receptor, and restrict Zika virus infection through IL-27 signaling.
Inhibition of CXCL10 and IFN-γ Ameliorates Myocarditis in Preclinical Models of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination
[Science Translational Medicine] Through analysis of human plasma data and in vitro experiments with human macrophages and T cells, researchers identified increased C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) after exposure to BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna).
Distinct Systemic Immune Responses in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Dengue Virus Infection
[Science Translational Medicine] Scientists conducted single-cell RNA and immune receptor sequencing of PBMCs from donors with varying disease severities including asymptomatic dengue and performed longitudinal analysis in a symptomatic dengue cohort, enabling identification of distinct immune responses.
Alternative Antigen Retention by a Gp96-Fusion Approach Induces Long-Lasting and Broad Immunity in Mice
[Nature Communications] Investigators validated the vaccine strategy using the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antigen in a viral challenge model with hACE2 mice and the human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein in a HeLa xenograft model with nude mice.
Global Remodeling of ADP-Ribosylation by PARP1 Suppresses Influenza a Virus Infection
[Nature Communications] Scientists showed that PARPs mount an antiviral response to influenza A virus infection causing a rapid and dramatic upregulation of global ADP-ribosylation that inhibits viral replication.
β2-Adrenergic Signaling Controls Neonatal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection by Promoting Viral Clearance and Airway Protection
[Nature Communications] In a mouse model of neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection, scientists found that stimulation of adrenergic signaling via β2-AR agonist increases viral clearance, anti-inflammatory responses, and disease recovery.
Resistance Potential of the HLA-A2-Restricted Immunodominant SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD8+ T Cell Receptor Repertoire to Antigenic Drift
[Nature Communications] To better understand the breadth of antigen repertoire coverage, scientists interrogated the ability of SARS-CoV-2 specific TCRs to bind all point mutations of the immunodominant HLA-A2:S269-277 epitope.
Immunology of Infectious Disease News was founded to keep the scientific community current with the latest developments in infectious disease research. We feature high-impact publications, news, jobs, and events focused on immune responses to and the development of treatments for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, and malaria.
