Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 5.48 | Dec 10 2013

Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Inhibit the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Decreasing Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species
Researchers demonstrated that human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells negatively regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human or mouse macrophages stimulated with LPS and ATP. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Long-Term Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells Frequently Develop Genomic Mutations but Do Not Undergo Malignant Transformation
To determine whether in vitro expansion influences the genomic stability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs), scientists maintained nine hUC-MSC clones in long-term culture and comparatively analyzed them at early and late passages. All of the clones senesced in culture, exhibiting decreased telomerase activity and shortened telomeres. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

The Changing Integrin Expression and a Role for Integrin β8 in the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
In three models of in vitro chondrogenesis, investigators studied the temporal change of cartilage phenotype markers and integrin subunits during the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. [PLoS One]
Full Article

Transdifferentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Keratinocyte-Like Cells: Engineering a Stratified Epidermis
Investigators hypothesized that adipose-derived stem cells also have the capacity to transdifferentiate into keratinocyte-like cells and furthermore are able to engineer a stratified epidermis. [PLoS One] Full Article

Cells Derived from Porcine Aorta Tunica Media Show Mesenchymal Stromal-Like Cell Properties in In Vitro Culture
Considering the relevance of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the cardiovascular physiopathology and regenerative medicine, and the usefulness of the pig animal model in this field, scientists reported a new method for MSC-like cells isolation from pig aorta. [Am J Physiol Cell Physiol] Abstract

Oxygen Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation Treatment Enhances the Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Responses to Titanium Surface for Dental Implant Application
Researchers evaluated the behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation-treated titanium. [Clin Oral Implants Res] Abstract

Differential Marker Expression by Cultures Rich in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
By initially assessing mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, researchers established that bone marrow and breast adipose cultures are rich in mesenchymal stem cells, while hand, foreskin fibroblast and olfactory tissue cultures contain rare mesenchymal stem cells. [BMC Cell Biol] Abstract | Full Article

MicroRNA-128 Regulates the Differentiation of Rat Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neuron-Like Cells by Wnt Signaling
By means of dual-luciferase reporter assay, researchers describe for the first time that by binding to a specific site in the 3′-UTR of Wnt3a in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, downregulated microRNA-128 may lead to the neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. [Mol Chem Biochem] Abstract

Guiding the Osteogenic Fate of Mouse and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Feedback System Control
Cocktails containing significantly reduced doses of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in combination with physiologically relevant doses of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, beta-glycerophosphate, heparin, retinoic acid and vitamin D achieved accelerated in vitro mineralization of mouse and human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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NASA, CASIS Make Space Station Accessible for Stem Cell Research
NASA and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) are enabling research aboard the International Space Station that could lead to new stem cell-based therapies for medical conditions faced on Earth and in space. Scientists will take advantage of the space station’s microgravity environment to study the properties of non-embryonic stem cells. [National Aeronautics and Space Administration] Press Release

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