Prostate Cell News Volume 8.08 | Mar 3 2017

TOP STORY

Multifunctional Envelope-Type siRNA Delivery Nanoparticle Platform for Prostate Cancer Therapy

The authors proposed a multifunctional envelope-type nanoparticle (NP) platform for prostate cancer-specific in vivo small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. A library of oligoarginine-functionalized and sharp pH-responsive polymers were synthesized and used for self-assembly with siRNA into NPs with the features of long blood circulation and pH-triggered oligoarginine-mediated endosomal membrane penetration. [ACS Nano] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

MicroRNA-30d Promotes Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth via MYPT1/C-JUN/VEGFA Pathway and Predicts Aggressive Outcome in Prostate Cancer

Scientists investigated the clinical significance, biological functions and underlying mechanisms of microRNA (miR)-30d deregulation in prostate cancer (PCa). miR-30d over-expression was observed in both PCa cells and clinical specimens. High-miR-30d was distinctly associated with high pre-operative prostate-specific antigen and Gleason score, advanced clinical and pathological stages, positive metastasis and biochemical recurrence, and reduced overall survival of PCa patients. [Mol Cancer] Full Article

Intracrine Androgen Biosynthesis in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Researchers hypothesized that androgen receptor (AR)-positive renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has intratumoral steroidogenesis and that anti-androgen therapy may result in tumor suppression. They first observed in vivo that castration retards the growth of AR-positive RCC tumor xenograft in mice. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

RNF7 Knockdown Inhibits Prostate Cancer Tumorigenesis by Inactivation of ERK1/2 Pathway

Scientists silenced RING finger protein 7 (RNF7) by shRNA interference in two castration resistant prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and PC3. RNF7 knockdown attenuated proliferation and enhanced sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. [Sci Rep] Full Article

REST Is a Crucial Regulator for Acquiring EMT-Like and Stemness Phenotypes in Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer

Combined RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis revealed that REST is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness acquisition in neuroendocrine (NE) differentiated prostate cancer cells via direct transcriptional repression of Twist1 and CD44. Specifically researchers showed that short-term knockdown of REST induces NE differentiation of LNCaP cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

MiR-543 Promotes Proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer via Targeting RKIP

Investigators determined the expression of microRNA (miR)-543 and raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) in clinical prostate cancer specimens, two prostate cancer cell lines, namely LNCAP and C4-2B. miR-543 was found to be negatively correlated with RKIP expression in clinical tumor samples and was significantly upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer cell line C4-2B compared with parental LNCAP cells. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Full Article

IAP Antagonists Enhance Apoptotic Response to Enzalutamide in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells via Autocrine TNF-α Signaling

Researchers treated human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and C4-2 with enzalutamide with or without addition of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonist AEG40995 and proliferation and survival were determined by MTS and clonogenic assay. They demonstrated that IAP antagonist AEG40995 exhibits minimal effects on prostate cancer cell proliferation or survival, but rapidly degrades cIAP1 protein. Combination treatment with enzalutamide demonstrates that AEG40995 increases apoptosis and reduces proliferation and clonogenic survival in cell line models of prostate cancer. [Prostate] Abstract

Targeting Th17-IL-17 Pathway in Prevention of Micro-Invasive Prostate Cancer in a Mouse Model

Investigators determined the importance of Th17 cells and IL-17 in a Pten-null prostate cancer mouse model. They found that either SR1001 or anti-IL-17 antibody treatment decreased the formation of micro-invasive prostate cancer in Pten-null mice. [Prostate] Abstract

The Prognostic Utility of the Transcription Factor SRF in Docetaxel-Resistant Prostate Cancer: In-Vitro Discovery and In-Vivo Validation

Using a number of docetaxel-resistant sublines of PC-3 cells, the authors performed a transcriptomic analysis by expression microarray using the Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array and in conjunction with bioinformatic analyses undertook to predict dysregulated transcription factors in docetaxel resistant prostate cancer. The transcription factors identified include serum response factor, nuclear factor kappa-B, heat shock factor protein 1, testicular receptor 2 & 4, vitamin-D and retinoid x receptor and estrogen-receptor 1. [BMC Cancer] Full Article

Metformin Inhibits the Proliferation of Benign Prostatic Epithelial Cells

Scientists sought to understand if metformin, a first line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, inhibits the proliferation of benign prostatic epithelial cells through reducing the expression of IGF-1 receptor and regulating cell cycle. Metformin significantly inhibited the proliferation of BPH-1 and P69 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. [PLoS One] Full Article

Radiolabeled PSMA Small Molecule Inhibitors

The authors provide an overview on the clinical influence of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-tracers in primary staging, biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (PC) and advanced, metastatic PC. Additionally, the use of PSMA-tracers in systemic radioligand therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, as well as non-prostatic uptake of PSMA-tracers and the use of PSMA-imaging to manage therapy are described. [Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging] Abstract

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GenomeDx Biosciences Announces Initiation by Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC) of Prospective, Randomized Clinical Study of Decipher

GenomeDx Biosciences announced the initiation of a prospective, randomized controlled trial evaluating the utility of GenomeDx’s Decipher^® Prostate Cancer Classifier, a commercially available genomic test that examines the activity of genes in prostate cancer cells and estimates the likelihood that a patient’s cancer will metastasize. [GenomeDx Biosciences] Press Release

Myovant Sciences Initiates Phase III Clinical Trial of Relugolix in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer

Myovant Sciences announced it has initiated a Phase III clinical trial, HERO, to evaluate the safety and efficacy of relugolix in treating men with advanced prostate cancer. [Myovant Sciences] Press Release

Michigan Medicine Opens First Prostate Cancer Risk Clinic in the Nation

Todd Morgan, M.D., is the Michigan Medicine urological surgeon behind a new Prostate Cancer Risk Clinic at the University of Michigan. It’s the first of its kind in the nation. The clinic is for men who have already been tested and identified as having a hereditary mutation that predisposes them to prostate cancer. [Michigan Medicine – University of Michigan] Press Release

How the Fallout from Trump’s Travel Ban Is Reshaping Science

Many foreign-born scientists say they are reconsidering plans to work or study in the United States, even though federal courts have indefinitely blocked US President Donald Trump’s travel ban. The policy, which Trump signed on 27 January, sought to deny entry to citizens of seven Muslim-majority nations for 90 days — including those with valid US visas. [Nature News] Editorial

Peer-Review Activists Push Psychology Journals towards Open Data

An editor on the board of a journal published by the prestigious American Psychological Association has been asked to resign in a controversy over data sharing in peer review. Gert Storms — who says he won’t step down — is one of a few hundred scientists who have vowed that, from the start of this year, they will begin rejecting papers if authors won’t publicly share the underlying data, or explain why they can’t. [Nature News] Editorial

Senior Republican Lawmaker Has Some Advice for U.S. Science Marchers

The chairman of a congressional spending panel that oversees a wide swath of U.S. science agencies has some unusual advice for scientists planning to march on 22 April: Don’t talk about research. Instead, demand that Congress find a way to cut mandatory spending programs. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Metabolism in Time and Space: Emerging Links to Cellular and Developmental Programs
May 11-13, 2017
Heidelberg, Germany

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NEW Research Assistant – Prostate Cancer Immunotherapeutics (King’s College London)

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Prostate Histology (Delft University of Technology)

Assistant/Associate Professor – Urology (Northwestern University)

Postdoctoral Position – Genomics and Molecular Biology (The George Washington University)

PhD Studentships – Translational Research Network for Prostate Cancer (University of Glasgow)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Confocal Raman Spectroscopy and Digital Holographic Microscopy (Maynooth University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – RNA Biology (Thomas Jefferson University)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy (University of Chicago)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Prostate Cancer Biology (Weill Cornell Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Prostate/Pancreatic Cancer (Medical College of Wisconsin)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Translational Cancer Disparities Research (Duke Cancer Institute)

Assistant Professor – Molecular Therapeutics of Cancer (Dartmouth College / Geisel School of Medicine)

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