BMP4 and Gremlin 1 Regulate Hepatic Cell Senescence during Clinical Progression of NAFLD/NASH

Studies in liver cell spheroids made from human stellate and hepatocyte cells showed bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) to be anti-senescent, anti-steatotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic, whereas Gremlin 1, which was particularly highly expressed in visceral fat in humans, was pro-senescent and antagonistic to BMP4.