Neonatal Fc Receptor Expression in Dendritic Cells Mediates Protective Immunity against Colorectal Cancer The authors demonstrated that neonatal Fc receptor for Immunoglobulin G (FcRn) within dendritic cells was critical for homeostatic activation of mucosal CD8+ T cells that drove protection against the development of colorectal cancers and lung metastases. [Immunity] Abstract | Grpahical Abstract Intratumoral IL-12 Combined with CTLA-4 Blockade Elicits T Cell-Mediated Glioma Rejection Using a syngeneic mouse model for glioblastoma (GB), investigators tested whether local delivery of cytokines could render the immunosuppressive GB microenvironment conducive to an antitumor immune response. IL-12 but not IL-23 reversed GB-induced immunosuppression and led to tumor clearance. [J Exp Med] Abstract | Press Release TSC1 Regulates the Balance between Effector and Regulatory T Cells Investigators found that T cell-specific deletion of the gene encoding tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1), an upstream negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin, resulted in augmented Th1 and Th17 differentiation and led to severe intestinal inflammation in a colitis model. [J Clin Invest] Full Article Skin Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Initiates Th2 Responses through an Orchestrated Immune Cascade By dissecting the cellular network triggered by mouse skin thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in vivo, researchers uncovered that TSLP-promoted IL-4 induction in CD4+ T cells in skin-draining lymph nodes is driven by an orchestrated ‘DC-T-Baso-T’ cascade, which represents a sequential cooperation of dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+ T cells and basophils. [Nat Commun] Abstract Synthesis and Delivery of Short, Noncoding RNA by B Lymphocytes Scientists demonstrated that primary B lymphocytes can be genetically programmed with nonviral plasmid DNA for the biogenesis and delivery of antisense sequences against microRNA-150 (miR-150). Within 18 hours of transfection with an anti-miR-150 construct, primary B lymphocytes secrete ~3,000 copies of anti-miR-150 molecules per cell. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract | Press Release Restoration of Intrahepatic Regulatory T Cells through MMP-9/13-Dependent Activation of TGF-β Is Critical for Immune Homeostasis following Acute Liver Injury Investigators addressed how regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the progression of liver injury and repair. In the acute phase, intrahepatic Tregs (CD4+FoxP3+Helios+) diminished promptly through apoptosis, which was followed by inflammation and tissue injury. [J Mol Cell Biol] Abstract Macrophages Are More Potent Immune Suppressors Ex Vivo than Immature Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Induced by Metastatic Murine Mammary Carcinomas Scientists used all-trans retinoic acid to differentiate myeloid-derived suppressor cells in mice bearing metastatic 4T1 or 4TO7 murine mammary tumors, and assessed the immune-suppressive mechanisms and potencies of different myeloid cell subpopulations. [J Immunol] Abstract Leptin Deficiency Impairs Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Enhances Induction of Regulatory T and Th17 Cells The authors investigated whether leptin mediates its activity on T cells by influencing dendritic cells (DCs) to promote Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cell immune responses in mice. They observed that leptin deficiency reduced the expression of DC maturation markers, decreased DC production of IL-12, TNF-α and IL-6, increased DC production of TGF-β, and limited the capacity of DCs to induce syngeneic CD4+ T-cell proliferation. [Eur J Immunol] Abstract TSP1-Producing B Cells Show Immune Regulatory Property and Suppress Allergy-Related Mucosal Inflammation Researchers aimed to elucidate the role of the thrombospondin (TSP)1-producing B cells in the immune regulatory role of specific immunotherapy (SIT). The results showed that after SIT, the frequency of CD35+ B cells was increased in the intestine of mice with food allergy. [Sci Rep] Full Article
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