Cell-Intrinsic Lysosomal Lipolysis Is Essential for Alternative Activation of Macrophages Scientists found that the uptake of triacylglycerol substrates via the scavenger receptor CD36 and their subsequent lipolysis by lysosomal acid lipase was important for the engagement of elevated oxidative phosphorylation, enhanced spare respiratory capacity, prolonged survival and expression of genes that together define alternative activation. [Nat Immunol] Abstract Nitric Oxide Enhances Th9 Cell Differentiation and Airway Inflammation Scientists show that ​nitric oxide (​NO) promotes Th9 cell polarization of murine and human ​CD4+ T cells. ​NO de-represses the tumor suppressor gene ​p53 via nitrosylation of ​Mdm2. [Nat Commun] Abstract ​Jarid2 Is Induced by TCR Signaling and Controls iNKT Cell Maturation Researchers show that ​Jarid2 is upregulated upon TCR stimulation and during positive selection in the thymus. Mice lacking ​Jarid2 in T cells display an increase in the frequency of ​IL-4-producing ​promyelocytic leukemia zinc fingerhi immature invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and innate-like CD8+ cells. [Nat Commun] Abstract Single-Cell Imaging of Caspase-1 Dynamics Reveals an All-or-None Inflammasome Signaling Response Researchers conducted single-cell imaging using a genetic fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensor that detects caspase-1 activation. They determined that caspase-1 exhibits all-or-none (digital) activation at the single-cell level, with similar activation kinetics irrespective of the type of inflammasome or the intensity of the stimulus. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Liver Metastases Induce Reversible Hepatic B Cell Dysfunction Mediated by Gr-1+CD11b+ Myeloid Cells Scientists characterized HBC and HBC/CD11b+MC interactions using a murine model of LM. Tumor-bearing livers showed a trend toward elevated absolute numbers of CD19+ HBC. [J Leukoc Biol] Abstract The S1P1 Receptor-Selective Agonist CYM-5442 Reduces the Severity of Acute GvHD by Inhibiting Macrophage Recruitment Researchers investigated the effect of an sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)1-selective agonist, CYM-5442, on the progression of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD). CYM-5442 did not affect the infiltration of the donor T cells into the target organs, while the number of macrophages in GvHD organs was significantly reduced by CYM-5442 treatment. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract Germinal Center B Cell Depletion Diminishes CD4+ Follicular T Helper Cells in Autoimmune Mice Given the pathogenic role follicular CD4+ T helper (Tfh) play in autoimmune disease, researchers explored whether B cells are required for maintenance of autoreactive Tfh. Their data suggest that the number of mature autoreactive Tfh cells is controlled by germinal center B cells. [PLoS One] Full Article Ursolic Acid Ameliorates Autoimmune Arthritis via Suppression of Th17 and B Cell Differentiation Scientists examined the effects of ursolic acid on collagen-induced arthritis in mice, and aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying the effects. [Acta Pharmacol Sin] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News and Immunology of Infectious Disease News! |