Intestinal Cell News Volume 5.37 | Oct 4 2019

TOP STORY

Notch and EGFR Regulate Apoptosis in Progenitor Cells to Ensure Gut Homeostasis in Drosophila

Researchers showed that regulation of the number of enterocyte-committed progenitor cells in the adult Drosophila involved a caspase-mediated physiological apoptosis, which adaptively eliminated excess enteroblast cells produced by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and, when blocked, could also lead to tumorigenesis. [EMBO J] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

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RORα Is Crucial for Attenuated Inflammatory Response to Maintain Intestinal Homeostasis

Transcriptome analysis revealed that deletion of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) led to up-regulation of NF-κB target genes in intestinal epithelial cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed corecruitment of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) and histone deacetylase 3 on nuclear factor κB target promoters and subsequent dismissal of CREB binding protein and bromodomain-containing protein 4 for transcriptional repression. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

MiR-532-3p Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Progression by Disrupting the ETS1/TGM2 Axis-Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

The authors investigated the expression levels of miR-532-3p and found that it was in situ downregulated both in colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, it functioned as a sensitizer for chemotherapy in CRC by inducing cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis via its activating effects on p53 and apoptotic signaling pathways. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Impaired Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Leads to Dysfunction of Intestinal Regeneration during Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Investigators found that intestinal stem cell expression, Wnt activity and intestinal regeneration were all decreased in both mice with experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and in infants with acute active NEC. Moreover, intestinal organoids derived from NEC-injured intestine of both mice and humans failed to maintain proliferation and presented more differentiation. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Targeting Histone Chaperone FACT Complex Overcomes 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colon Cancer

Scientists discovered that facilitated chromatin transcription (FACT) complex facilitated fluorouracil (5-FU) repair in DNA via promoting the recruitment and acetylation of APE1 to damage sites in chromatin. Downregulation of FACT affected 5-FU damage repair in DNA and sensitized dMMR colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU. [Mol Cancer Ther] Full Article

Downregulation of Wnt3 Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Development through Inhibiting Cell Proliferation and Migration

Scientists showed that Wnt3 was upregulated in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and was essential for the CRC progression. Knockdown of Wnt3 in human CRC cells delayed tumor formation in nude mouse xenografts through silencing of canonical Wnt pathway and glycolysis. [Front Pharmacol] Full Article

Anti-Tumor Activity of Neratinib, a Pan-HER Inhibitor, in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells

Anti-proliferative effects of neratinib were determined using a cell proliferation assay and crystal violet staining. Annexin V/PI staining, radiation therapy and anoikis resistance and wound healing assays were carried out to examine the effects of neratinib on apoptosis, radio-sensitivity and cell motility, respectively. [Eur J Pharmacol] Abstract

Long Non-Coding RNA LINC01420 Contributes to Pancreatic Cancer Progression through Targeting KRAS Proto-Oncogene

Gene expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR or Western blot. Both in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to probe LINC01420 function in prostate cancer. ChIP, RIP, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine relationships between genes. [Dig Dis Sci] Abstract

Extract from Aloysia polystachya Induces the Cell Death of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells

The chemical characterization of extracts was performed by HPLC. Assays of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, migration and invasion, metalloproteases activity, clonogenic growth, tumorspheres formation, Hoechts efflux, pluripotency marker expression and sensitization to chemotherapeutic drugs were performed in vitro in human HCT116 and murine CT26 colorectal cancer cells. [Nutr Cancer] Abstract

L-Arginine Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Damage by Promoting Expression of Tight Junction Proteins via the AMPK Pathway

Cell proliferation, apoptosis, differential gene expression and KEGG pathway analysis, intestinal paracellular permeability, intestinal morphology, and expression of HSP and tight junction proteins, and p-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were determined. l-Arginine promoted cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis after heat exposure at an optimal concentration of 5 mmol. [Mol Biol Rep] Abstract

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Omega Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Overview

The consumption of fatty acids may be related to a reduced risk of developing IBD. Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of ω3 as adjunctive in the treatment or prevention of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Adhesion Mechanisms of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Conventional and Novel Approaches for Testing

Lactic acid bacteria contribute the majority of microorganisms with probiotic properties. They have several important mechanisms for intestinal epithelial cell adhesion. In order to adhere to the intestinal cells, they generally use various structures such as flagella, pili, S layer proteins, lipoteichoic acid, exopolysaccharides and mucus binding proteins. [World J Microbiol Biotechnol] Abstract

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Prometheus Biosciences, Inc., Enters into Multi-Target Strategic Collaboration with Takeda to Develop Targeted Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Prometheus Biosciences, Inc. announced that it has entered into a global, multi-target strategic collaboration with Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited to discover, develop, and commercialize novel therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. [Prometheus Biosciences, Inc.] Press Release

Physician-Scientist Awarded NIH Grant

Dr. Steven Jonas, clinical instructor of pediatrics in the division of pediatric hematology/oncology in the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, has received a five-year $1.25 million grant from the National Institutes of Health through its High-Risk, High-Reward Research Program. [The University of California, Los Angeles] Press Release

‘More Women Are Being Nominated’: Nobel Academy Head Discusses Diversity

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences introduced measures that it hoped would tackle the issue by encouraging scientists to put forward a more diverse range of nominees. These included asking more women to suggest candidates, and altering the wording of the letter inviting nominations. [Nature News] Editorial

Split Decisions: How Brexit Has Taken a Toll on Five Researchers

On 23 June 2016, 34 million UK citizens took to the polls to vote on a simple, fateful question: Should the United Kingdom remain a part of the European Union, or should it leave? Nearly 52%—a majority of 1.3 million—wanted out, and conservative politicians vowed to carry out the people’s wishes. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Trump Set to Nominate Stephen Hahn as FDA Commissioner, Pending Vetting Process

President Trump is set to nominate Dr. Stephen Hahn to lead the FDA, pending completion of the vetting process, according to two people familiar with the selection process. Hahn, an oncologist, is the chief medical executive at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. [STAT News] Editorial

NEW AACR-KCA Joint Workshop on Precision Medicine
November 14-15, 2019
Seoul, Korea

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NEW Reserch Scientist – In Vivo Research on Wnt Signaling in Self-Renewel (Surrozen)

NEW Chief Editor – Nature Ageing (Nature Research)

Postdoctoral Researcher – IBS (Quadram Institute Bioscience)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Systems Biology of Cancer (Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Intestinal Graft-versus-Host-Disease (Medical College of Wisconsin)

Senior Researcher – Inflammatory Diseases (Genentech, Inc.)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Microbiome in IBD (GIGA-Medical Genomics Unit)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Quantifying Intra-tumour Heteregeneity with Multi-Omics Data (The Institute of Cancer Research)

Principal Researcher – Systems Disease Biology (Boehringer Ingelheim)

Research Lab Specialist – Tumor Microenvironment & Cell Behavior (University of Southern California)

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