Intestinal Cell News Volume 5.39 | Oct 18 2019

TOP STORY

Chromosome Engineering of Human Colon-Derived Organoids to Develop a Model of Traditional Serrated Adenoma

Scientists introduced chromosome rearrangements that involve R-spondin genes into human colonic organoids, with or without disruption of TP53, using CRISPR-Cas9. They then knocked a mutation into BRAF encoding the V600E substitution and overexpressed the GREM1 transgene; the organoids were transplanted into colons of NOG mice and growth of xenograft tumors was measured. [Gastroenterology] Abstract

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In Silico Chemical Screening Identifies Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor as a Therapeutic Target of Drug-Tolerant CD44v9-Positive Gastric Cancer Cells

Researchers established gastric cancer patient-derived cells to examine the contribution of CD44 splicing variant 9 (CD44v9)-positive cells in gastric cancer drug tolerance. They performed gene expression signature-based in silico screening using JFCR_LinCAGE, their anticancer compound gene expression database and subsequent validation in BALB/c-nu/nu mouse xenograft to identify agents targeting the drug-tolerant cancer cells. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

Isolation, Characterization and Identification of Antigenotoxic and Anticancerous Indigenous Probiotics and Their Prophylactic Potential in Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis

All three selected pro-biotic strains exhibited anti-cancerous potential as is evident by the reduced Aberrant Crypt Foci, reduced fecal pH, enhanced fecal lactic acid bacteria and altered fecal enzymes that modulated gut microbiota and microenvironment resulting into restored histoarchitecture of the colon. [Sci Rep] Full Article

SPIONs/3D SiSBA-16 Based Multifunctional Nanoformulation for Target Specific Cisplatin Release in Colon and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines

Cp release study using dialysis membrane in PBS solution over 10-wt%SPIONs/S-16 nanoformulations showed highest cumulative release than 10-wt%SPIONs/MSU-F-A-Cp, 10-wt%SPIONs/HYPS-A-Cp, and Cp-F127/S-16, respectively. 10-wt%SPIONs/S-16-A-Cp and 10-wt%SPIONs/S-16-APAA-Cp were evaluated for in vitro target anticancer efficiency in human cancer cell lines and normal cells using MTT and DAPI staining. [Sci Rep] Full Article

β-Arrestin-2 Enhances Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

The endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone BiP was found to promote intestinal epithelial cell survival. Pretreatment of intestinal epithelial cells or mice with the BiP inhibitor HA15 increased cell apoptosis and promoted necrotizing enterocolitis development. β-arrestin-2 bound to BiP and promoted its polyubiquitination and degradation, thereby facilitating the release of the pro-apoptotic molecule BIK from BiP. [Aging (Albany NY)] Abstract

Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) Promotes Cell Proliferation in Early-Onset Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis

The authors elucidated the role of COMP in colon cancer tumorigenesis by modulating COMP levels in vitro and test how it affects proliferation. Then, patient samples were evaluated by testing the levels of proliferation marker Ki67. [Surg Endosc] Abstract

MicroRNA-29b Inhibits Cell Growth and Promotes Sensitivity to Oxaliplatin in Colon Cancer by Targeting FOLR1

Expressions of miR-29b and folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) were measured in both human colon tumor samples and cell lines. Colon cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620 were transfected with miR-29b mimic, antisense oligonucleotides -miR-29b, small interfering against FOLR1, or corresponding negative controls, and then were incubated with or without oxaliplatin. [Biofactors] Abstract

Co-Delivery of Doxorubicin and TRAIL Plasmid by Modified PAMAM Dendrimer in Colon Cancer Cells, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

PAMAM G5 modified with cholesteryl chloroformate and alkyl-PEG was applied for co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and plasmid encoding TRAIL into colon cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo. The results showed DOX was efficiently encapsulated in modified carrier with loading level about 90%, and the resulting DOX-loaded M-PAMAM complexes with TRAIL plasmid showed much stronger anti-tumor effect than M-PAMAM containing DOX or TRAIL plasmid. [Drug Dev Ind Pharm] Abstract

Transcriptional Profiling of Zearalenone-Induced Inhibition of IPEC-J2 Cell Proliferation

Investigators measured the effects of zearalenone (ZEA) on the viability and lactate dehydrogenase activity of the pig intestinal epithelial cell line J2. The results showed ZEA could decrease the IPEC-J2 cell viability and increase LDH activity. Appropriate treatment concentrations were determined to study the toxic effect of ZEA on IPEC-J2. [Toxicon] Abstract

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BMP Signaling in Development, Stem Cells, and Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract

It is clear that BMP signaling regulates GI function and disease progression that involve stem/progenitor cells and inflammation in a tissue-specific manner. Investigators discuss these new findings with a focus on the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. [Annu Rev Physiol] Abstract

Starch Digestion by Gut Bacteria: Crowdsourcing for Carbs

The authors review the molecular machinery that gut bacteria use to degrade starch and how these functions may intersect to facilitate complete starch digestion. While the protein complexes that gut bacteria use to degrade starch differ across phyla, some molecular details converge to promote the optimal positioning of enzymes and substrate for starch degradation. [Trends Microbiol] Abstract

Chronic Stress, Inflammation, and Colon Cancer: A CRH System-Driven Molecular Crosstalk

Scientists summarize the current knowledge that supports the inseparable link between chronic stress, inflammation, and colorectal cancer (CRC), by modulation of a cascade of molecular signaling pathways, which are under the regulation of CRH-family members expressed in the brain and periphery. The understanding of the molecular basis of the link among these processes may provide a step forward towards personalized medicine in terms of CRC diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targeting. [J Clin Med] Full Article

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UTEP Receives $19M to Study Cancer Affecting Mexican-Americans

The University of Texas at El Paso’s (UTEP) Border Biomedical Research Center will accelerate its quest to understand and identify the reasons for Hispanic cancer health disparities and its ultimate impact on the people of the Paso del Norte region thanks to a five-year, $19.2 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). [The University of Texas at El Paso] Press Release

Dr. Josef Steiner Cancer Research Award 2019 Goes to Serena Nik-Zainal

The Dr. Josef Steiner Cancer Foundation is awarding the Dr. Josef Steiner Cancer Research Award 2019 to Prof. Serena Nik-Zainal. The bioinformatician from the Department of Medical Genetics and the MRC cancer unit at the University of Cambridge is receiving the award in recognition of her groundbreaking research in developing new methods in the field of bioinformatics for the clinically-relevant classification of tumors. [The University of Bern (EurekAlert!)] Press Release

Brexit Hits UK Science Funding and Workforce

The first figures have emerged demonstrating that Brexit uncertainty has adversely affected UK research. They show Britain’s annual share of EU research funding has fallen by nearly a third since 2015. [The BBC] Editorial

Scientific Integrity Bill Advances in US House with Bipartisan Support

Despite their failure to attract a single Republican co-sponsor, Democrats in Congress have long insisted that a bill to strengthen scientific integrity across US government agencies takes a bipartisan stance and is not a veiled attack on the Trump administration’s attitude toward science. That claim of bipartisanship took a big step forward today as the science committee of the US House of Representatives tweaked the bill to satisfy key Republicans on the panel. [ScienceMagazine] Editorial

NEW Translational Cancer Research for Basic Scientists Workshop
November 17-22, 2019
Boston, Massachusetts, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Gut Microbiome & IBD (Case Western Reserve University)

NEW Postdcotoral Scientist – iPSC Models of Intestinal Fibrosis (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center)

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Toxic Injury Research (The University of Cambridge)

Assistant Professors – Microbiome Research (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

Senior Scientist – Immunology and Gastroenterology (Johnson & Johnson)

Research Scientist – In Vivo Research on Wnt Signaling in Self-Renewel (Surrozen)

Chief Editor – Nature Ageing (Nature Research)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Systems Biology of Cancer (Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Intestinal Graft-versus-Host-Disease (Medical College of Wisconsin)

Principal Researcher – Systems Disease Biology (Boehringer Ingelheim)

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