Intestinal Cell News Volume 6.08 | Mar 6 2020

TOP STORY

Genome-Scale CRISPR Screening in Human Intestinal Organoids Identifies Drivers of TGF-β Resistance

The authors report improved accuracy and robustness for pooled-library CRISPR screens by capturing sgRNA integrations in single organoids, substantially reducing required cell numbers for genome-scale screening. [Cell Stem Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Mitochondrial Impairment Drives Intestinal Stem Cell Transition into Dysfunctional Paneth Cells Predicting Crohn’s Disease Recurrence

Investigators characterized intestinal stem cell (ISC) and Paneth cell appearance under inflammatory conditions and described the role of mitochondrial function for ISC niche-maintenance. [Gut] Full Article

Lactobacillus reuteri Maintains Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration and Repairs Damaged Intestinal Mucosa

L. reuteri had the ability to maintain the number of Lgr5⁺ cells and stimulated intestinal epithelial proliferation to repair epithelial damage and reduce proinflammatory cytokine secretion in the intestine and the LPS concentration in serum. [Gut Microbes] Abstract

The Proprotein Convertase Furin Is a Pro-Oncogenic Driver in KRAS and BRAF Driven Colorectal Cancer

Researchers showed that genetic inactivation of furin suppressed tumorigenic growth, proliferation, and migration in KRAS or BRAF mutant colorectal cancer cell lines but not in wild-type KRAS and BRAF cells. [Oncogene] Abstract

Long Non-Coding RNA HOTAIR Knockdown Enhances Radiosensitivity through Regulating MicroRNA-93/ATG12 Axis in Colorectal Cancer

Scientists found that HOTAIR expression was markedly upregulated in plasma from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients after radiotherapy and CRC cells after irradiation. HOTAIR knockdown, miR-93 overexpression, or ATG12 silencing weakened cell viability, induced cell apoptosis, inhibited cell autophagy, and enhanced cell radiosensitivity in CRC. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Mutations in the Coat Complex II Component SEC23B Promote Colorectal Cancer Metastasis

The authors showed that deletion of Sec23 homolog B (SEC23B) suppressed the membrane localization of adhesion proteins and augmented cell mobility. SEC23B mutations either caused a premature stop or impaired its protein transport activity. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein (ChREBP) Correlates with Colon Cancer Progression and Contributes to Cell Proliferation

In vitro, ChREBP knockdown with siRNA transfection inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest without changes in apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Patient-Derived Small Intestinal Myofibroblasts Direct Perfused, Physiologically Responsive Capillary Development in a Microfluidic Gut-on-a-Chip Model

Investigators constructed and characterized a 3D in vitro microfluidic model that supported the growth of patient-derived intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts and endothelial cells into perfused capillary networks. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Inhibitory Effect of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb and Oxyresveratrol on α-Glucosidase and Sugar Digestion in Caco-2 Cells

Differentiated Caco-2 cells that contained the native enzyme were used to test maltose hydrolysis. Scientists demonstrated that purified yeast α-glucosidase was non-competitively inhibited by oxyresveratrol and Puag-Haad compared to 153.8 ± 4.3 μg/mL acarbose, an anti-diabetic drug. [Heliyon] Full Article

IRBIT Directs Differentiation of Intestinal Stem Cell Progeny to Maintain Tissue Homeostasis

Investigators showed that IRBIT expression in intestinal stem cell progeny within the Drosophila midgut epithelium cells regulates their differentiation via suppression of ribonucleotide reductase activity. [iScience] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

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Metabolic and Immunologic Control of Intestinal Cell Function by mTOR

The authors discuss intestinal mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and metabolic regulation in different intestinal cell populations with a special focus on immune cells and their actions on intestinal function. [Int Immunol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Innovation Pharmaceuticals Plans for Phase II Trial of New Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis

Innovation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. provided perspectives on its planned Phase II clinical trial of Brilacidin in pill form, its defensin mimetic drug candidate with multi-indication potential, as a novel oral medication for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. [Innovation Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release

NuCana Receives Positive Opinion for Orphan Drug Designation in the European Union for Acelarin (NUC-1031) for the Treatment of Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer

NuCana plc announced that the European Medicines Agency’s Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products has issued a positive opinion for orphan drug designation of Acelarin for the treatment of patients with biliary tract cancer. [NuCana plc (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release

China Bans Cash Rewards for Publishing Papers

Chinese institutions have been told to stop paying researchers bonuses for publishing in journals, as part of a new national policy to cut perverse incentives that encourage scientists to publish lots of papers rather than focus on high-impact work. [Nature News] Editorial

UC Santa Cruz Fires Graduate Students Taking Part in Strike

The University of California, Santa Cruz, fired 54 graduate student employees from their teaching positions on February 28, in the latest escalation of a months-long dispute over student pay, the Santa Cruz Sentinel reports. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW Cambridge International Stem Cell Symposium 2020
September 27-29, 2020
Cambridge, United Kingdom

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Intestinal Epithelial Cell Function (Wellcome Sanger Institute)

NEW PhD Studentship – Stem Cell Derived Signals in Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis and Cancer (Durham University)

PhD Student Position – Intestinal Stem Cell Research (Karolinska Institutet)

Lab Manager – Intestinal Research (Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

Postdoctoral Fellow Position – Gene Editing and Genomic Evolution (Northwestern University)

Assistant Professor – Food, Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health (Wageningen University & Research Centre)

Postdoctoral Position – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (University of Copenhagen)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Postdoctoral Position – Intestinal Immunity (The University of Chicago)

Postdoctoral Associate – Intestinal Immunology (The Scripps Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – Epigenetic Control by the Novel Histone Methyltransferase KMT9 (University of Freiburg)

Research Scientist – In Vivo Research on Wnt Signaling in Self-Renewal (Surrozen)

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