Inhibition of Langerhans Cell Maturation by Human Papillomavirus Type 16: A Novel Role for the Annexin A2 Heterotetramer in Immune Suppression Results demonstrated that human papillomavirus-16 suppresses Langerhans cells maturation through an interaction with the annexin A2 heterotetramer, revealing a novel role for this protein. [J Immunol] Abstract Gr-1dimCD11b+ Immature Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells but Not Neutrophils Are Markers of Lethal Tuberculosis Infection in Mice Researchers showed that in mice, tuberculosis progression is associated with the accumulation of cells that express neutrophilic markers Gr-1 and Ly-6G but do not belong to conventional neutrophils. [J Immunol] Abstract Regulatory Phenotype, PD-1 and TLR3 Expression in T Cells and Monocytes from HCV Patients Undergoing Antiviral Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial The authors aimed to clarify the response of peripheral T cells and monocytes in chronic hepatitis C patients with antiviral treatment. [PLoS One] Full Article Interferon-Mediated Innate Immune Responses against Malaria Parasite Liver Stages Using RNA sequencing, investigators showed that a rodent malaria liver-stage infection stimulates a robust innate immune response including type I interferon (IFN) and IFNγ pathways. [Cell Rep] Abstract | Full Article | Graphical Abstract HIV Reduction of HIV Persistence following Transplantation in HIV-Infected Kidney Transplant Recipients Investigators explored the impact of immunosuppressant therapy on peripheral blood measures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persistence following kidney transplantation. [Am J Transplant] Abstract | Press Release Diverse Viral Glycoproteins as Well as CD4 Co-Package into the Same Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Particles To determine if co-packaging occurs among different glycoproteins, researchers designed an assay that combines virion antibody capture and a determination of infectivity based on a luciferase reporter. [Retrovirology] Full Article HIV-1 Tat Protein Induces PD-L1 (B7-H1) Expression on Dendritic Cells through TNF-α and TLR4 Mediated Mechanisms The authors aimed to determine whether and how HIV-1 Tat protein, an immunosuppressive viral factor, induces the PD-1/PD-L1 co-inhibitory pathway on human dendritic cells. [J Virol] Abstract HIV-1 Nef Impairs Key Functional Activities in Human Macrophages through CD36 Downregulation Investigators showed that HIV-1 Nef protein may have a role in the strategies elaborated by HIV-1 to alter pathogen disease outcomes, by modulating CD36 expression in macrophages, favoring the onset of opportunistic infections in HIV-1 infected people. [PLoS One] Full Article |