Pancreatic Cell News Volume 10.47 | Dec 03 2019

TOP STORY

Characterization of Genetic Subclonal Evolution in Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Models

Scientists report evidence of continuing subclonal evolution after tumor initiation that largely reflected copy number alterations that targeted cellular processes of established significance in human pancreatic cancer. [Nat Commun] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

DIABETES & PANCREATITIS

Heterozygous Deletion of Seipin in Islet Beta Cells of Male Mice Has an Impact on Insulin Synthesis and Secretion through Reduced PPARγ Expression

Investigators examined seipin expression in islet cells and measured glucose profiles, insulin synthesis, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, islet expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and beta cell mass and proliferation in male and female Seipin-knockout homozygous and heterozygous mice. [Diabetologia] Abstract

Functional Cytochrome P450 1A Enzymes Are Induced in Mouse and Human Islets Following Pollutant Exposure

Human islets, were treated in vitro with known cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A inducers 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 3-methylcholanthrene. In addition, mice were injected with either a single high dose of TCDD or multiple low doses of TCDD in vivo, and islets were isolated 1, 7 or 14 days later. [Diabetologia] Abstract

Abnormal Regulation of Glucagon Secretion by Human Islet Alpha Cells in the Absence of Beta Cells

Highly purified human α-cells from islets of deceased donors were re-aggregated in the presence or absence of β-cells in culture, evaluated for glucagon secretion under various treatment conditions, and compared to that of intact human islets and non-sorted islet cell aggregates. [EBioMedicine] Abstract | Full Article

Macrophage-Associated Pro-Inflammatory State in Human Islets from Obese Individuals

The authors showed that pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) and macrophage polarization markers (CD11c, CD163, and NOS2) were expressed in isolated human islets from non-diabetic donors. [Nutr Diabetes] Full Article

PANCREATIC CANCER

Paraneoplastic β Cell Dedifferentiation in Non-Diabetic Patients with Pancreatic Cancer

Researchers examined pancreatic islets from 15 non-diabetic patients with benign tumor and 15 non-diabetic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. They calculated the number of hormone-negative endocrine cells and evaluated important markers of β cell dedifferentiation and function in the paraneoplastic islets. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab] Abstract

Branched-Chain Amino Acids Sustain Pancreatic Cancer Growth by Regulating Lipid Metabolism

The authors found that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism had an important role in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth by regulating lipogenesis. Compared with nontransformed human pancreatic ductal cells, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth cells exhibited significantly elevated BCAA uptake through solute carrier transporters. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article

Novel Therapeutic Approach Using Drug-Loaded Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Pancreatic Cancer

Scientists confirmed that pirarubicin was gradually released into the culture medium from pirarubicin-conjugated polylactic/glycolic acid nanoparticles-loaded adipose-derived stem cells, and the conditioned medium significantly inhibited the proliferation activity and induced the apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Non-SMC Condensin I Complex Subunit H Mediates Mature Chromosome Condensation and DNA Damage in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Researchers examined the role of non-SMC condensin I complex subunit H (NCAPH) in pancreatic cancer cells. Their results showed that NCAPH was overexpressed in clinical pancreatic cancer specimens and cell lines. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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Role of the Microbiome in Occurrence, Development and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Scientists discuss the mechanisms through which microbiomes affect the development of pancreatic cancer, including inflammation and immunomodulation. Potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications of microbiomes are also discussed. [Mol Cancer] Full Article

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EI and the HSE Award Five Firms Funding to Address Challenges Related to Diabetes

Enterprise Ireland and the Health Service Executive (HSE) have awarded €100,000 in funding to five companies tackling health complications that arise as a result of diabetes. The funding was awarded through Enterprise Ireland’s Small Business Innovation Research programme. [Siliconrepublic] Press Release

LI Lab Wins $750,000 Grant to Advance Cancer Research

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory announced that it has been awarded $750,000 from TD Bank to support its new cancer research facility. The award is part of the Toronto-based bank’s initiative to provide financial support to organizations that have designed solutions to improve access to early detection and intervention for diseases. [Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (Newsday)] Press Release

Elsevier Progresses in Open-Access Deal Making

The scholarly publisher has announced several new licensing agreements in both Europe and the US, but some major academic groups are still without contracts and access to journals. [The Scientist] Editorial

Chinese Ministry Investigates Duplications in Papers by University President

The Chinese education ministry is investigating scientific articles authored by high-profile immunologist and university president Cao Xuetao, following suggestions that dozens of papers contain potentially problematic images. Four journals also say they are examining papers from Cao. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Keystone Symposia: Noncoding RNAs – Mechanism, Function and Therapies
January 12-16, 2020
Whistler, British Columbia, Canada

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellowship – Transcriptional Plasticity of the Endocrine Pancreas (University of Southern Denmark)

Postdoctoral Position – Cellular Signaling Mechanisms in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (Universitätsklinikum Freiburg)

Research Technician – Cell Engineering in Diabetes (Helmholtz Zentrum München)

Postdoctoral Position – Pancreatic Cancer Bioinformatics (University of Copenhagen)

Postdoctoral Associate – Targeting Altered RNA Processing Mechanisms in Pancreatic Cancer (Yale University)

Postdoctoral Studentship – Pancreatic Cancer Immunology/Bioinformatics (Heidelberg University Hospital)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Pancreatic Cancer Cell Research (University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Islet Biology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (University of Geneva)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Type I Diabetes Research (German Research Center for Environmental Health)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (The University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Regenerative Medicine and Metabolic Biology (Indiana Biosciences Research Institute)

Research Positions – Pancreatic Beta-Cells (Université de Montréal)

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