Pulmonary Cell News Volume 8.34 | Sep 5 2019

TOP STORY

Patient-Derived Lung Cancer Organoids as In Vitro Cancer Models for Therapeutic Screening

Investigators report lung cancer organoids and normal bronchial organoids established from patient tissues comprising five histological subtypes of lung cancer and non-neoplastic bronchial mucosa as in vitro models representing individual patients. [Nat Commun] Full Article

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Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Upregulate Mitochondrial Gene Expression and Trigger Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

The authors showed that carbon nanotubes caused mitochondrial dysfunction that led to mitophagy in exposed bronchial epithelial cells via a mechanism unrelated to its reported genotoxicity. [Nanotoxicology] Abstract

The Effect of Cysteine Oxidation on DJ-1 Cytoprotective Function in Human Alveolar Type II Cells

Scientists found that very high oxidative stress in alveolar type II cells in emphysema patients induced DJ-1 overoxidation to the Cys106-SO₃⁻ form, leading to increased protein flexibility and loss of its cytoprotective function. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Phosphorylation-Dependent Modulation of CFTR Macromolecular Signaling Complex Activity by Cigarette Smoke Condensate in Airway Epithelia

Acute cigarette smoke condensate exposure reversibly inhibited the phosphorylated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) both in vivo and in phospholipid bilayers, without altering its cell surface density and phospho-occupancy. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Surfactant Protein B Deficiency Induced High Surface Tension: Relationship between Alveolar Micromechanics, Alveolar Fluid Properties and Alveolar Epithelial Cell Injury

Scientists investigated the relationship between abnormal alveolar micromechanics, alveolar epithelial injury, intra-alveolar fluid properties and remodeling in the conditional surfactant protein B knockout mouse model. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

LUNG CANCER

Linc00173 Promotes Chemoresistance and Progression of Small Cell Lung Cancer by Sponging miR-218 to Regulate Etk Expression

Researchers found that long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 173 (Linc00173) was highly expressed in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) chemoresistant cell lines, and promoted SCLC cells chemoresistance, proliferation, and migration-invasion. [Oncogene] Abstract

Cellular Prion Protein Transcriptionally Regulated by NFIL3 Enhances Lung Cancer Cell Lamellipodium Formation and Migration through JNK Signaling

Knockdown of prion protein expression in cultured lung adenocarcinoma cells decreased their lamellipodium formation, in vitro migration and invasion, and in vivo experimental lung metastasis. [Oncogene] Abstract

Combined Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase and Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated/Rad3-Related Inhibition Targets Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated-Deficient Lung Cancer Cells

Olaparib induced phosphorylation of DNA damage markers and reversible G2 arrest in ataxia-telangiectasia mutated-deficient cells, while the combination of olaparib and VE-821 induced cell death. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

EPHA2 Mutations with Oncogenic Characteristics in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer and Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Investigators uncovered the oncogenic characteristics of ephrin receptor A2 (EPHA2) mutations in squamous cell carcinoma and malignant pleural mesothelioma reinstating the dynamics of different roles of EPHA2 in cancer. [Oncogenesis] Abstract

Therapeutic Effect of pHLIP-mediated CEACAM6 Gene Silencing in Lung Adenocarcinoma

A549 cells incubated with pH-induced transmembrane structure (pHLIP)-siRNA targeting carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (siCEACAM6) at an acidic pH showed downregulated expression of endogenous CEACAM6 protein and reduced cell viability. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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Application of iPSC to Modeling of Respiratory Diseases

Directed differentiation of induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) toward lung presented the initial challenge to overcome in generating iPSC-derived lung epithelial cells. Since then major advances have been made in defining protocols to specify and isolate specific lung lineages, with the generation of airway spheroids and multi cellular organoids now possible. [Adv Exp Med Biol] Abstract

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Aridis Pharmaceuticals Reports Phase II Clinical Trial Results of AR-105 for the Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Aridis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced results from the company’s first-in-patient Phase II clinical trial evaluating AR-105, a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by gram-negative P. aeruginosa. [Aridis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release

Inhibrx Announces Enrollment of First Patient in Phase I Study of INBRX-101, a Modified Recombinant Human AAT-Fc Fusion Protein

Inhibrx, Inc. announced the enrollment of the first patient in a Phase I clinical trial of INBRX-101. INBRX-101 is an Fc-fusion protein-based therapeutic candidate comprised of a modified recombinant version of human alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) for the treatment of patients with AAT deficiency. [Inhibrx, Inc.] Press Release

Gala Therapeutics Receives CE Mark for its Minimally Invasive RheOx^™ System for Chronic Bronchitis

Gala Therapeutics, Inc. announced that its RheOx^™ system has received CE Mark in the European Union. In a minimally invasive procedure called Bronchial Rheoplasty^™, RheOx delivers non-thermal energy to the airways to reduce mucus-producing cells in patients with chronic bronchitis. [Gala Therapeutics, Inc. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

World Health Organization Backs Open-Access Plan S

The World Health Organization is joining cOAlition S, a growing group of agencies and charities that fund scientific research and that require their grantees to share their work in open-access journals or repositories. [The Scientist] Editorial

New Memo Offers First Glimpse of How Trump’s Science Adviser Would Like to Shape Spending Priorities

A new White House directive laying out next year’s spending priorities for federal research agencies describes a US science enterprise imperiled by internal problems and foreign governments. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

UK Science Minister Jo Johnson Resigns Amid Brexit Drama

UK science minister Jo Johnson has resigned from his position as universities and science minister and as a member of the House of Commons, citing conflicts between what he thinks is best for the country and family ties. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Cell Death in Immunity and Inflamation
October 6-9, 2019
Crete, Greece

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Small Cell Lung Cancer (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Scientific Communications Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Pulmonary (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Position – Lung Inflammation (The Boston University Pulmonary Center)

Postdoctoral Scientist – Small Cell Lung Cancer (Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute)

Associate Director – Pulmonary Biology (Translate Bio, Inc.)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Lung Cancer (University Hospital of Cologne)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Lung Cancer Immunology (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Lung Epithelium (Boston University)

Postdoctoral Positions – Pulmonary Injury (University of Maryland)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Lung Lineage Development (Hospital for Sick Children)

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