Category Archives: Immunology of Infectious Disease

Immunology of Infectious Disease News is an online publication and email newsletter dedicated to covering the latest research and developments in the field of infectious diseases.
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Immunology of Infectious Disease News was founded to keep the scientific community current with the latest developments in infectious disease research. We feature high-impact publications, news, jobs, and events focused on immune responses to and the development of treatments for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, and malaria.

Enhancing Glycan Occupancy of Soluble HIV-1 Envelope Trimers to Mimic the Native Viral Spike

To eliminate glycan holes and mimic the glycosylation of native BG505 Env, researchers replaced all 12 NxS sequons on BG505 SOSIP with NxT.
[Cell Reports]
Derking, R., Allen, J. D., Cottrell, C. A., Sliepen, K., Seabright, G. E., Lee, W.-H., Aldon, Y., Rantalainen, K., Antanasijevic, A., Copps, J., Yasmeen, A., Cupo, A., Portillo, V. M. C., Poniman, M., Bol, N., Woude, P. van der, Taeye, S. W. de, Kerkhof, T. L. G. M. van den, Klasse, P. J., … Sanders, R. W. (2021). Enhancing glycan occupancy of soluble HIV-1 envelope trimers to mimic the native viral spike. Cell Reports, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108933 Cite
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The Mechanistic Basis of Protection by Non-neutralizing Anti-Alphavirus Antibodies

Scientists evaluated the activity of 13 non-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Mayaro virus, an emerging arthritogenic alphavirus.
[Cell Reports]
Earnest, J. T., Holmes, A. C., Basore, K., Mack, M., Fremont, D. H., & Diamond, M. S. (2021). The mechanistic basis of protection by non-neutralizing anti-alphavirus antibodies. Cell Reports, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108962 Cite
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Vaccination with Prefusion-Stabilized Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein Induces Genetically and Antigenically Diverse Antibody Responses

Researchers evaluated RSV F-specific B cell responses before and after vaccination in six participants using complementary B cell sequencing methodologies and identified 555 clonal lineages.
[Immunity]
Mukhamedova, M., Wrapp, D., Shen, C.-H., Gilman, M. S. A., Ruckwardt, T. J., Schramm, C. A., Ault, L., Chang, L., Derrien-Colemyn, A., Lucas, S. A. M., Ransier, A., Darko, S., Phung, E., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Rush, S. A., Madan, B., Stewart-Jones, G. B. E., Costner, P. J., … Mascola, J. R. (2021). Vaccination with prefusion-stabilized respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein induces genetically and antigenically diverse antibody responses. Immunity, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.004 Cite
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A Single Dose of Self-Transcribing and Replicating RNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Produces Protective Adaptive Immunity In Mice

Activation of cell mediated immunity produced a strong viral antigen specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response.
[Molecular Therapy]
Alwis, R. de, Gan, E. S., Chen, S., Leong, Y. S., Tan, H. C., Zhang, S. L., Yau, C., Low, J. G. H., Kalimuddin, S., Matsuda, D., Allen, E. C., Hartman, P., Park, J., Alayyoubi, M., Bhaskaran, H., Dukanovic, A., Bao, Y., Clemente, B., Vega, J., … Ooi, E. E. (2021). A Single Dose of Self-Transcribing and Replicating RNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Produces Protective Adaptive Immunity In Mice. Molecular Therapy, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.001 Cite
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SARS-CoV-2 Mutations Acquired in Mink Reduce Antibody-Mediated Neutralization

Scientists report that mutations frequently found in the S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 from mink were mostly compatible with efficient entry into human cells and its inhibition by soluble ACE2.
[Cell Reports]
Hoffmann, M., Zhang, L., Krüger, N., Graichen, L., Kleine-Weber, H., Hofmann-Winkler, H., Kempf, A., Nessler, S., Riggert, J., Winkler, M. S., Schulz, S., Jäck, H.-M., & Pöhlmann, S. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 mutations acquired in mink reduce antibody-mediated neutralization. Cell Reports, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109017 Cite
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The Neutralizing Antibody, LY-CoV555, Protects against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-human Primates

Researchers report that high-throughput microfluidic screening of antigen-specific B-cells led to the identification of LY-CoV555, a potent anti-spike neutralizing antibody from a hospitalized, convalescent patient with COVID-19.
[Science Translational Medicine]
Jones, B. E., Brown-Augsburger, P. L., Corbett, K. S., Westendorf, K., Davies, J., Cujec, T. P., Wiethoff, C. M., Blackbourne, J. L., Heinz, B. A., Foster, D., Higgs, R. E., Balasubramaniam, D., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Yang, E. S., Bidshahri, R., Kraft, L., Hwang, Y., Žentelis, S., … Falconer, E. (2021). The neutralizing antibody, LY-CoV555, protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates. Science Translational Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abf1906 Cite
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Designed Proteins Assemble Antibodies into Modular Nanocages

Researchers developed an approach to designing proteins that position antibodies or Fc-fusions on the twofold symmetry axes of regular dihedral and polyhedral architectures.
[Science]
Divine, R., Dang, H. V., Ueda, G., Fallas, J. A., Vulovic, I., Sheffler, W., Saini, S., Zhao, Y. T., Raj, I. X., Morawski, P. A., Jennewein, M. F., Homad, L. J., Wan, Y.-H., Tooley, M. R., Seeger, F., Etemadi, A., Fahning, M. L., Lazarovits, J., Roederer, A., … Baker, D. (2021). Designed proteins assemble antibodies into modular nanocages. Science, 372(6537). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd9994 Cite
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T Cell Assays Differentiate Clinical and Subclinical SARS-CoV-2 Infections from Cross-Reactive Antiviral Responses

Scientists showed a range of T cell assays that differentially captured immune function to characterise SARS-CoV-2 responses.
[Nature Communications]
Ogbe, A., Kronsteiner, B., Skelly, D. T., Pace, M., Brown, A., Adland, E., Adair, K., Akhter, H. D., Ali, M., Ali, S.-E., Angyal, A., Ansari, M. A., Arancibia-Cárcamo, C. V., Brown, H., Chinnakannan, S., Conlon, C., de Lara, C., de Silva, T., Dold, C., … Dunachie, S. (2021). T cell assays differentiate clinical and subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infections from cross-reactive antiviral responses. Nature Communications, 12(1), 2055. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21856-3 Cite
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Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis and Host Responses in the Respiratory Tract

The authors discuss what is known about SARS-CoV-2 in the context of the broad knowledge of influenza virus, highlighting the similarities and differences between the respiratory viruses.
[Nature Reviews Microbiology]
Flerlage, T., Boyd, D. F., Meliopoulos, V., Thomas, P. G., & Schultz-Cherry, S. (2021). Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis and host responses in the respiratory tract. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-021-00542-7 Cite
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Endothelial Dysfunction and Immunothrombosis as Key Pathogenic Mechanisms in COVID-19

Scientists propose that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a process known as immunothrombosis, in which activated neutrophils and monocytes interact with platelets and the coagulation cascade, leading to intravascular clot formation in small and larger vessels.
[Nature Reviews Immunology]
Bonaventura, A., Vecchié, A., Dagna, L., Martinod, K., Dixon, D. L., Van Tassell, B. W., Dentali, F., Montecucco, F., Massberg, S., Levi, M., & Abbate, A. (2021). Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis as key pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19. Nature Reviews Immunology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00536-9 Cite
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Vir Biotechnology Announces New Preclinical Research Demonstrating VIR-7831 Maintains Neutralizing Activity Against the SARS-CoV-2 California Variant

Vir Biotechnology, Inc. announced new preclinical research demonstrating the ability of VIR-7831, the company’s investigational SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody, to maintain its neutralizing activity against a mutation in the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, called L452R, which is found in the California variant.
[Vir Biotechnology, Inc. (Globe Newswire, Inc.)]
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