SCIENCE NEWSAfter 40 Years, NIH-Supported Researchers Identify Possible New Treatment for Severe Vasculitis
Investigators have made a major advance in treating people with a severe form of vasculitis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. [Press release from the National Institutes of Health discussing online prepublication in the New England Journal of Medicine]Small Molecule Boosts Production of Brain Cells, Protects New Cells from Dying
Researchers have found a compound that preserves newly created brain cells and boosts learning and memory in an animal study. [Press release from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center discussing online prepublication in Cell] Scientists Develop New Way to Grow Adult Stem Cells in Culture
Researchers have found that growing muscle stem cells on a specially developed synthetic matrix that mimics the elasticity of real muscle allows them to maintain their self-renewing properties. [Press release from the Stanford University School of Medicine discussing online prepublication in Science] Investigators Identify Genetic Cause of Kidney Disease
A scientific team has discovered a genetic explanation for the higher incidence of kidney disease among African Americans. [Press release from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center discussing online prepublication in Science] More Hope for Lab-Grown Lungs
Lung tissue grown in culture functioned for six hours when transplanted into living rats. [Press release from Nature discussing online prepublication in Nature Medicine] Stem Cell Transplantation of Therapy-Resistant Chronic Leukemia Successful
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation offers the chance of cure for patients with an aggressive form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, irrespective of genetic prognostic factors and the prior course of the disease. [Press release from EurekAlert! discussing online prepublication in Blood] Gene Associated with Rare Adrenal Disorder Appears to Trigger Cell Death, According to NIH Study
A gene implicated in Carney complex appears to function as a molecular switch to limit cell growth and division. [Press release from the National Institutes of Health discussing online prepublication in PLoS Genetics] Researchers Create Tumor-Fighting Immune Cells, Watch in Real Time as They Kill Cancer
Researchers at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center created a large, well-armed battalion of tumor-seeking immune system cells and used positron emission tomography (PET) to watch in real time as these special forces traveled throughout the body to locate and attack dangerous melanomas. [Press release from the University of California, Los Angeles discussing online prepublication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA] Finding May Pave Way for New Treatments for Muscle Wasting Diseases
Researchers found that a protein produced by the muscle, TGF-beta2, helps motor nerves produce a big enough stimulus to trigger muscle contraction. [Press release from the University of Aberdeen discussing online prepublication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA] Arsenic Shows Promise as Cancer Treatment, Study Finds
Combining arsenic with other therapies may give doctors a two-pronged approach to beating back forms of cancer caused by a malfunction in a critical cellular signaling cascade called the Hedgehog pathway. [Press release from the Stanford University School of Medicine discussing online prepublication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA] Frosty Genes Can't Take the Heat
Researchers were successful in substituting cold-loving genes from Arctic bacteria for genes of warm-loving disease-carrying bacteria, meaning the pathogens can grow in the skin of mammals but not in warmer deep tissue. [Press release from the University of Victoria discussing online prepublication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA] New Discovery in Nerve Regrowth
In addition to discovering for the first time that PTEN is found in the peripheral nervous system, researchers demonstrated that following nerve injury, PTEN prevents peripheral nerves from regenerating. Researchers were able to block PTEN, an approach that dramatically increased nerve outgrowth. [Press release from the University of Calgary School of Medicine discussing online prepublication in the Journal of Neuroscience] Faulty Breast Cancer Gene Increases Male Risk Too
Western men who carry a BRCA2 genetic mutation have a six to nine per cent lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, UK researchers have found. [Press release from BioNews discussing online prepublication in the Journal of Medical Genetics] Gene Find Offers Breast Cancer Hope
Researchers have identified the key role played by the gene c35 in causing the spread of HER2 positive breast cancer. [Press release from the University of Edinburgh discussing online prepublication in the British Journal of Cancer] Bid to Aid Transplant Cancer Patients
Researchers have generated a bank of white blood cells from healthy blood donors to treat patients with a blood cancer called post transplant lymphoproliferative disease. The study found that patients treated with these blood cells remained free from the cancer for up to nine years following treatment. [Press release from the University of Edinburgh discussing online prepublication in Transplantation] Gene Deletion Creates Lesbian Mice
Researchers found that disabling the fructose mutarotase gene in female mice causes them to avoid male advances and instead attempt to mate with other females. [Press release from BioNews discussing online prepublication in BMC Genetics] Gene Therapy Breakthrough Heralds Treatment for Beta-Thalassemia
Italian scientists pioneering a new gene transfer treatment for the blood disorder beta-thalassemia have successfully completed preclinical trials, claiming they can correct the lack of beta-globin in patients' blood cells which causes the disease. [Press release from ScienceDaily discussing online prepublication in EMBO Molecular Medicine] Stem Cells to Aid Study of Parkinson's
A new technique will use skin samples to grow the brain cells thought to be responsible for the onset of Parkinson’s disease, allowing these important neurons to be studied in detail. [Press release from Oxford University discussing research presented at the UK National Stem Cell Network Annual Meeting] New Way to Discover Drugs That Aid Regenerative Medicine
Researchers have demonstrated how single stem cells can be encouraged to grow on finely-patterned surfaces in order to identify the biological messages that control their ability to divide and mature into any type of cell. [UK National Stem Cell Network Press Release] Mexican Salamander Helps Uncover Mysteries of Stem Cells and Evolution
Researchers have found that there are extraordinary similarities in the development of Mexican aquatic salamanders and mammals that provide unique opportunities to study the properties of embryonic stem cells and germ cells. [UK National Stem Cell Network Press Release] Mouse Stem Cell Study Offers New Insights into Body Fat Distribution
New research shows that adding fat to mouse stem cells grown in the lab affects their response to the signals that push them to develop into one or other of the main types of fat storage cells, subcutaneous or visceral. [UK National Stem Cell Network Press Release] A New Generation of Biological Scaffolds
Researchers have been working on ways of producing biological scaffolds, derived from natural human or animal tissues that will not be rejected by a patient's immune system and can be repaired and renewed like normal tissue. The current technique removes the cells from natural tissues to leave a biological scaffold which can be regenerated by the patient's own cells. [Press release from the University of Leeds discussing research presented at the UK National Stem Cell Network Annual Meeting] Four New Research Studies Describe Experimental Immunotherapies for Alzheimer's
Four new research studies reported at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease 2010 describe experimental immunotherapies for Alzheimer's, two of which target tau directly and two of which may reduce tau even though their primary target was beta amyloid. [Alzheimer's Association International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease 2010 Press Release] New Preimplantation Genetic Screening Method Can Predict Chromosomal Abnormalities, Study Shows
Researchers have shown that screening of polar bodies is a reliable method to analyze the chromosomal status of an egg. [Press release from ScienceDaily discussing research presented at the 26th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology] New Cell Therapy Treatment for Osteoarthritis to Be Trialed
Cultured stem cells are to be used for the first time in the UK to treat the common joint condition of osteoarthritis, throwing a potential lifeline to millions of sufferers in the future. [Keele University Press Release] Largest Study of Genomes and Cancer Treatments Releases First Results
The largest study to correlate genetics with response to cancer drugs released its first results. The researchers behind the study describe in this initial dataset the responses of 350 cancer samples to 18 anticancer therapeutics. [Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Press Release] Artificial Blood Developed for the Battlefield
Scientists have made blood from hematopoietic stem cells from discarded human umbilical cords, which are turned into large quantities of red blood cells by a method called “blood pharming” that mimics the functions of bone marrow. [PhysOrg] deCODE Discovers Genetic Risk Factor Linking Susceptibility to Four Major Vascular Diseases
Scientists at deCODE genetics and academic colleagues from the Netherlands and twelve other countries across Europe and North America report the discovery of a common single-letter variation in the sequence of the human genome conferring risk of a range of vascular diseases. [deCODE genetics Press Release] Phase II Data From FIT Biotech’s HIV Immunotherapy Show Reduction in Viral Load and Increase in CD4 Cell Count
FIT Biotech announced results from a Phase II clinical trial. The company's immunomodulator FIT-06 showed unprecedented long-term reductions in viral load (approximately 0.5 log) and statistically significant CD4 cell count increases in HIV-infected, previously untreated patients. [FIT Biotech Press Release] CURRENT PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by Impact Factor of the Journal) Rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Rituximab therapy was not inferior to daily cyclophosphamide treatment for induction of remission in severe antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and may be superior in relapsing disease. [N Engl J Med] Role of Tet Proteins in 5mc to 5hmc Conversion, Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Inner Cell Mass Specification
The present studies not only uncover the enzymatic activity of the Tet proteins, but also demonstrate a role for Tet1 in embryonic stem cell maintenance and inner cell mass cell specification. [Nature] Discovery of a Proneurogenic, Neuroprotective Chemical
Mice missing the gene encoding neuronal PAS domain protein 3 are devoid of hippocampal neurogenesis and display malformation and electrophysiological dysfunction of the dentate gyrus. [Cell] Substrate Elasticity Regulates Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Self-Renewal in Culture
Unlike muscle stem cells (MuSCs) on rigid plastic dishes, MuSCs cultured on soft hydrogel substrates that mimic the elasticity of muscle self-renew in vitro and contribute extensively to muscle regeneration when subsequently transplanted into mice and assayed histologically and quantitatively by noninvasive bioluminescence imaging. [Science] Association of Trypanolytic ApoL1 Variants with Kidney Disease in African Americans
Researchers show that in African Americans, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and hypertension-attributed end-stage kidney disease are associated with two independent sequence variants in the APOL1 gene on chromosome 22. [Science] Regeneration and Orthotopic Transplantation of a Bioartificial Lung
After transplantation, lung constructs were perfused by the recipient's circulation and ventilated by means of the recipient's airway and respiratory muscles, and they provided gas exchange in vivo for up to 6 hours after extubation. [Nat Med] Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Provides Durable Disease Control in Poor-Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Long-Term Clinical and MRD Results of the GCLLSG CLL3X Trial
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for poor-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia can result in long-term minimal residual disease-negative survival in up to half of the patients independent of the underlying genomic risk profile. [Blood] Cushing's Syndrome and Fetal Features Resurgence in Adrenal Cortex-Specific Prkar1a Knockout Mice
To demonstrate the implication of R1alpha loss in the initiation and development of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, researchers generated mice lacking Prkar1a specifically in the adrenal cortex (AdKO). AdKO mice develop pituitary-independent Cushing's syndrome with increased PKA activity. [PLoS Genetics] Kinetic Phases of Distribution and Tumor Targeting by T Cell Receptor Engineered Lymphocytes Inducing Robust Antitumor Responses
Adoptive cell transfer of splenocytes from fully immunocompetent HLA-A2.1/Kbmice transduced with a chimeric murine/human T cell receptor specific for tyrosinase, together with lymphodepletion conditioning, dendritic cell-based vaccination, and high-dose interleukin-2, had profound antitumor activity against large established MHC- and antigen-matched tumors. [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 
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