Regeneration of Thyroid Function by Transplantation of Differentiated Pluripotent Stem Cells Investigators used mouse pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to identify key conserved roles for BMP and FGF signaling in regulating thyroid lineage specification from foregut endoderm in mouse and Xenopus. Thyroid progenitors derived from mouse PSCs can be matured into thyroid follicular organoids that provide functional secretion of thyroid hormones in vivo and rescue hypothyroid mice after transplantation [Cell Stem Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract | Press Release Chromosome Transplantation as a Novel Approach for Correcting Complex Genomic Disorders Researchers report the first successful case of chromosome transplantation by replacement of an endogenous X chromosome carrying a mutation in the Hprt gene with a normal one in mouse embryonic stem cells, correcting the genetic defect. Chromosome transplanted clones maintained in vitro and in vivo features of stemness and contributed to chimera formation. [Oncotarget] Full Article Targeted Inhibition of Leucine-Rich Repeat and Immunoglobulin Domain-Containing Protein 1 in Transplanted Neural Stem Cells Promotes Neuronal Differentiation and Functional Recovery in Rats Subjected to Spinal Cord Injury Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein (LINGO)-1 is expressed in neural stem cells, and its neutralization results in sustained neuronal immaturity. Scientists aimed to determine if targeted inhibition of LINGO-1 via RNA interference enhances transplanted neural stem cell survival and neuronal differentiation in vivo. [Crit Care Med] Abstract T Cell Exhaustion in Multiple Myeloma Relapse after Autotransplant: Optimal Timing of Immunotherapy Investigators evaluated lymphocyte composition and function after autologous stem cell transplantation to guide optimal timing of immunotherapy and to identify potential markers of relapse. [Cancer Immunol Res] Abstract Hypothalamic Leptin Gene Therapy Reduces Body Weight without Accelerating Age-Related Bone Loss Scientists investigated the efficacy of using hypothalamic leptin gene therapy as an alternative method for reducing weight in skeletally-mature female rats and determined the impact of leptin-induced weight loss on bone mass, density, and microarchitecture, and serum biomarkers of bone turnover. [J Endocrinol] Abstract | Press Release RNA Interference Targeting PSCA Suppresses Primary Tumor Growth and Metastasis Formation of Human Prostate Cancer Xenografts in SCID Mice The authors previously reported that silencing prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) by small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting human PSCA inhibited biological activity of PSCA-positive prostate cancer cells leading to reduced proliferation, motility and invasion in vitro. They extended these in vitro findings to in vivo settings in order to investigate the effects of this specific siRNA on the tumor growth and metastasis development of prostate cancer in vivo. [Prostate] Abstract Xeno-Immunosuppressive Properties of Human Decidual Stromal Cells in Mouse Models of Alloreactivity In Vitro and In Vivo Human decidual stromal cells (hDSCs) may cure acute graft-versus-host disease in humans. Investigators evaluated immunosuppression by xenogenic hDSCs in mice, both in vitro and in vivo. [Cytotherapy] Abstract Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cell Therapy: Safety and Feasibility in Different “Hospital Exemption” Clinical Applications Researchers demonstrated that autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) transplantation can be considered a safe and feasible therapy tool for extreme clinical indications of ASC properties and physiopathology of disease. [PLoS One] Full Article Natural Killer Cells Improve Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment by Increasing Stem Cell Clonogenicity In Vitro and in a Humanized Mouse Model The effects of accessory cells, particularly natural killer cells, on human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells functions were assessed in vitro and in vivo. [PLoS One] Full Article Three-Dimensional Printing of Complex Biological Structures by Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels Scientists demonstrated the additive manufacturing of complex three-dimensional biological structures using soft protein and polysaccharide hydrogels that are challenging or impossible to create using traditional fabrication approaches. [Sci Adv] Full Article | Press Release | Video |