Cord Blood News Volume 10.45 | Nov 15 2018

TOP STORY

Exosomes Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Deliver Exogenous miR-145-5p to Inhibit Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression

Researchers used exosomes from human umbilical cord MSCs to deliver exogenous miR-145-5p, which inhibited pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion and increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, concomitant with decreased Smad3 expression in vitro. [Cancer Lett] Abstract

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17β-Estradiol Protects Mesenchymal Stem Cells against High Glucose-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidants Production via Nrf2/Sirt3/MnSOD Signaling

The authors investigated the role of 17β-estradiol in high glucose-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production through estrogen receptor-mediated signaling in human umbilical cord blood MSCs in vitro. [Free Radic Biol Med] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Stem Cell-Secreted 14,15- Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Rescues Cholesterol Homeostasis and Autophagic Flux in Niemann-Pick-Type C Disease

Scientists found 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, a cytochrome P450 metabolite, from human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs and the cerebella of Niemann-Pick type C1-mutant mice and investigated the functional consequence of this metabolite. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article

Adoptive Immunotherapy with Cord Blood for the Treatment of Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Feasibility, Safety and Preliminary Outcomes

Investigators conducted a prospective evaluation of cord blood-based adoptive cell therapy following salvage chemotherapy in patients with AML/MDS and described the safety and early outcomes of this approach. [Biol Blood Marrow Transplant] Abstract

The Role of Regulatory T Cells in Non-Inherited Maternal Antigen-Related Tolerance in Cord Blood: An In Vitro Study

In view of the chance that matched cord blood (CB) units which include non-inherited maternal antigens (NIMA) might contain acceptable HLA mismatches, scientists determined the degree of allo-reactivity of CB mononuclear cells upon stimulation by the maternal, paternal and unrelated stimulator cells. Suppression of T-cell proliferation, cytotoxicity and cytokine profile indicating suppressed Th1 and elevated IL-10 and TGF-β1 responses were observed in the mixed lymphocyte reaction in response to NIMA. [Biol Blood Marrow Transplant] Abstract

Tropism of Mesenchymal Stem Cell toward CD133⁺ Stem Cell of Glioblastoma In Vitro and Promote Tumor Proliferation In Vivo

Researchers found that isolated and cultured human umbilical cord blood MSCs express CCR2 and CXCR4, the respective receptors for MCP-1/CCL2 and SDF-1/CXCL12, and demonstrated, in vitro, that MCP-1/CCL2 and SDF-1/CXC12, secreted by CD133⁺ glioblastoma cells from primary cell cultures, induce the migration of MSCs. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

Additive Effect of bFGF and Selenium on Expansion and Paracrine Action of Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Selenium played a critical role in in vitro expansion of amniotic fluid-MSCs through activation of the AKT-ERK1/2, Smad2, and Stat3 signaling pathways along with inactivation of GSK3β. When administered together with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), it showed remarkable effect in inhibiting reactive oxygen species accumulation and preserving their multipotency. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

Extracellular Vesicles from Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress CD4 Expressing T Cells through Transforming Growth Factor Beta and Adenosine Signaling in a Canine Model

Researchers determined whether extracellular vesicles (EV) isolated from canine Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs suppress CD4⁺ T cell proliferation using biochemical mechanisms previously ascribed to soluble mediators. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract

Carvacrol Reduces Adipogenic Differentiation by Modulating Autophagy and ChREBP Expression

Scientists found that carvacrol reduced adipogenic differentiation of about 40% and 30% in, respectively, 3T3-L1 and in Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs. The effect of carvacrol on adipogenic differentiation correlated with both reduction of autophagy and reduction of ChREBP expression. [PLoS One] Full Article

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced CD4⁺ T Cell Apoptosis in Treatment of Lupus Mice

Umbilical cord-derived MSC transplantation alleviated the disease phenotypes in B6.MRL-Fas^lpr mice, decreased the ratio of Th1 as well as Th2 cells, and increased percentages of apoptotic CD4⁺ T cells in vivo and in vitro. [Biochem Biophys Res Commun] Abstract

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Advances in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease

Currently, red blood cell transfusion and hydroxyurea are the major disease-modifying therapies available for sickle cell disease. Hematopoetic stem cell transplant is curative, but barriers to treatment are substantial and include a lack of suitable donors, immunologic transplant rejection, long-term adverse effects, prognostic uncertainty, and poor end-organ function, which is especially problematic for older patients. [Mayo Clin Proc] Full Article

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The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) Fuels the Next Generation of Cancer Research Committing More Than $188 Million in Funding

Driving the dizzying pace of breakthroughs in blood cancer treatments, The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) announced $42 million for 80 blood cancer research teams around the world. This latest infusion of funding by LLS, the world’s largest nonprofit devoted to curing blood cancers, brings the organization’s current commitment to more than $188 million in multi-year grants, supporting more than 240 top scientific investigators at the world’s most prestigious cancer institutions. [The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society] Press Release

UNMC Leading National Study to Test Drug to Treat Life-Threatening Illness

Vijaya Bhatt, M.B.B.S., University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) assistant professor of internal medicine and oncology/hematology, has received a grant for up to $1.2 million to determine if a drug called ruxolitinib, is effective for treating a certain type of graft versus host disease called sclerotic. [University of Nebraska Medical Center] Press Release

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Recommends Jazz Pharmaceuticals’ Vyxeos^® (Daunorubicin and Cytarabine) for Adults with Specific Types of Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc announced that NICE has published a Final Appraisal Determination recommending Vyxeos^® 44 mg/100 mg powder for concentrate for solution for infusion for routine use on the National Health Service in England and Wales for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed, therapy-related AML or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. [Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc] Press Release

U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Empliciti^® (Elotuzumab) plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone, a New Immunotherapy Combination for Certain Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company announced that the FDA approved Empliciti injection for intravenous use in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies, including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor. [Bristol-Myers Squibb Company] Press Release

Brexit: What the Draft Deal Means for Science

After two years of negotiations, the first real glimmers of what Brexit might involve have emerged. On 14 November, the Cabinet, the UK government’s senior decision-making body, backed a draft agreement on the terms of the country’s withdrawal from the European Union. For science, many of the details that will be most relevant are still to be thrashed out. [Nature News] Editorial

With Democrats in Control of U.S. House, Science Panel Gets Fresh Start

The results of divisive midterm elections, with Democrats reclaiming control of the U.S. House of Representatives and Republicans likely strengthening their hold on the Senate, have allowed both parties to claim victory. U.S. scientists are also experiencing mixed emotions. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

In the Palestinian Territories, Science Struggles Against All Odds

Travel restrictions and paltry funding hamper researchers, who are trying to build a scientific base. After decades of conflict, many embittered Palestinians from the occupied territories boycott any form of economic or cultural activities with Israel — including research. But higher education is an exception. [Nature News] Editorial

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NEW Postdoctoral Research Scholar – Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (Washington University School of Medicine)

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Faculty Position – GvHD or Immunotherapy (Medical College of Wisconsin)

Senior Research Scientist – Flow Cytometry (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Research Scientist – Hematological Malignancies (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

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Senior Research Assistant – Stem Cell Transplantation (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Associate – Hematopoiesis and Leukemia (The Jackson Laboratory)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Translational Leukemia (Lund University)

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