Dermal Cell News Volume 2.22 | Jun 20 2016

TOP STORY

Stem Cell Function and Stress Response Are Controlled by Protein Synthesis

Researchers showed that mouse skin stem cells synthesize less protein than their immediate progenitors in vivo, even when forced to proliferate. Their analyses revealed that activation of stress response pathways drives both a global reduction of protein synthesis and altered translational programs that together promote stem cell functions and tumorigenesis. [Nature] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

DERMAL STEM CELLS & TISSUE REGENERATION

Spla₂-IIA Overexpression in Mice Epidermis Depletes Hair Follicle Stem Cells and Induce Differentiation Mediated through Enhanced JNK/C-Jun Activation

Scientists report a transgenic mice overexpressing secretory phospholipase A₂ group-IIA (sPLA₂ -IIA) showed depletion of hair follicle stem cell pool. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Extracellular Vesicles Are Transferred from Melanocytes to Keratinocytes after UVA Irradiation

Investigators showed an immediate shedding of extracellular vesicles from the plasma membrane when exposing human melanocytes to ultraviolet (UV) A, but not UVB. [Sci Rep] Full Article

The Integrin αV-TGFβ Signaling Axis Is Necessary for Epidermal Proliferation during Cutaneous Wound Healing

The authors showed that genetic depletion or antibody-mediated blockade of pan-integrin αv, or the specific heterodimer αvβ6, in keratinocytes limited epidermal proliferation at the wound edge and prevented re-epithelialization of wounded human organotypic skin both in vivo and in vitro. [Cell Cycle] Abstract

Two Olfactory Receptors -OR2A4/7 and OR51B5- Differentially Affect Epidermal Proliferation and Differentiation

Scientists revealed olfactory receptors (OR) 2A4/7 and OR51B5 as two new ORs in human skin cells and identified cyclohexyl salicylate and isononyl alcohol as agonists of these receptors. [Exp Dermatol] Abstract

Expansion of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Sticking to Isolated Sebaceous Glands to Generate In Vivo Epidermal Structures

Investigators report a novel approach for obtaining a subpopulation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) from a small skin sample from the rat tail, which uses the sebaceous glands to capture the adjacent HFSCs. [Cell Transplant] Abstract

Norepinephrine Regulates Keratinocyte Proliferation to Promote the Growth of Hair Follicles

Investigators demonstrated that chemical sympathectomy via administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine to mice inhibited hair follicles growth, but treatment with the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol had no effect. [Cells Tissues Organs] Full Article

SKIN CANCERS & DISORDERS

BRAF^V600E Kinase Domain Duplication Identified in Therapy-Refractory Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenografts

Researchers established a large collection of patient-derived xenografts, derived from BRAF^V600E, NRAS^Q61, or BRAF^WT/NRAS^WT melanoma metastases prior to treatment with BRAF inhibitor and after resistance had occurred. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Etoposide-Bevacizumab a New Strategy against Human Melanoma Cells Expressing Stem-Like Traits

The authors found that a cell sub-population enriched for P1 sphere-initiating ability and CD133 expression also expressed a larger amount of VEGF-R2. Etoposide did not influence phenotype of this sub-population of melanoma cells, while a combined treatment with etoposide and bevacizumab significantly abolished P1 sphere-forming ability, an effect associated with apoptosis of this subset of cells. [Oncotarget] Full Article

Targeting RRM2 and Mutant BRAF Is a Novel Combinatorial Strategy for Melanoma

Scientists investigated whether targeting de novo dNTP synthesis through knockdown of ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) could prolong the response of melanoma cells to BRAF inhibitors. [Mol Cancer Res] Abstract | Full Article

The WNT-Less Wonder: WNT-Independent β-Catenin Signaling

The authors discuss alternative pathways that activate β-catenin independent of WNTs and highlight what is known regarding these pathways in melanoma. [Pigment Cell Melanoma Res] Abstract

Will Stem Cells Bring Hope to Pathological Skin Scar Treatment?

The authors analyze the factors that influence the formation of pathological skin scars, summarize recent research on pathological scar treatment with stem cells and elaborate on the possible mechanisms of this treatment. [Cytotherapy] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the dermal cell research field.

Can-Fite Reports New Data Showing its Psoriasis Drug May Offer Efficacy Similar to Industry Leading Biologics Without Harmful Side Effects

Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd. announced new mechanism of action data indicating its lead drug candidate, piclidenoson inhibits two inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 17 and interleukin 23 which are known to play a major role in the inflammatory process of psoriasis. [Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Cancer MoonShot 2020 and NantHealth Form Collaborative Melanoma and Sarcoma Working Group with Columbia University and UPMC to Accelerate Personalized Immunotherapy

NantHealth and Cancer MoonShot 2020, the nation’s most comprehensive cancer collaborative initiative, announced the formation of the Melanoma and Sarcoma Working Group to accelerate molecular-informed immunotherapy trials. [NantHealth] Press Release

NEW Gordon Research Conference – Tissue Niches & Resident Stem Cells in Adult Epithelia
August 7-12, 2016
Hong Kong, China

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the dermal cell community.

NEW Research Associate – Stem Cells in the Epidermis (Imperial College London)

Cancer Scientists (Hamad bin Khalifa University)

Research Scientist – Hair Biophysics (L’Oreal)

Postdoctoral Scientist – Skin Cancer and Aging Group (Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute)

Associate Professor/Professor – Dermatology (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Scientist – Target Validation (Innate Pharma)

Postdoctoral Positions – Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (University of Southern California)

Medical Science Liaison Associate – Skin Diseases (Biofrontera Inc.)

Postdoctoral Positions – Immunology, Cancer, and Stem Cells (University of Connecticut)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Biology/Immunology (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)

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