Dermal Cell News Volume 4.11 | Apr 2 2018

TOP STORY

Two Succeeding Fibroblastic Lineages Drive Dermal Development and the Transition from Regeneration to Scarring

Investigators showed that fibroblastic lineage replacement couples the decline of regeneration with the emergence of scarring and creates potential clinical avenues to reduce scarring. [Nat Cell Biol] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

DERMAL STEM CELLS & TISSUE REGENERATION

Particulate Matter 2.5 Damages Skin Cells by Inducing Oxidative Stress, Subcellular Organelle Dysfunction, and Apoptosis

The authors found that particulate matter induced oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species both in vitro and in vivo, which led to DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation. [Arch Toxicol] Abstract

The Potential of the Stem Cells Composite Hydrogel Wound Dressings for Promoting Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

The wound healing properties of gelatin‐based hydrogel wound dressing combined with adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) were investigated using mouse and porcine models. The analytical results showed that ADSCs harvested from pigs significantly increased cell growth and promoted cell differentiation in comparison to the ADSCs harvested from the mice in vitro. [J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater] Abstract

SKIN CANCERS & DISORDERS

PAI1 Mediates Fibroblast-Mast Cell Interactions in Skin Fibrosis

Scientists discovered that Snail-expressing keratinocytes secrete plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI1), which functions as a chemotactic factor to increase mast cell infiltration into the skin. Moreover, they have determined that PAI1 upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 expression on dermal fibroblasts, rendering them competent to bind to mast cells. [J Clin Invest] Full Article

Collagen Abundance Controls Melanoma Phenotypes through Lineage-Specific Microenvironment Sensing

Researchers demonstrated that collagen stiffness induces melanoma differentiation through a YAP/PAX3/MITF axis and showed that in melanoma patients increased collagen abundance correlates with nuclear YAP localization. [Oncogene] Full Article

Concomitant BCORL1 and BRAF Mutations in Vemurafenib-Resistant Melanoma Cells

Investigators describe the co-occurrence of an in-frame deletion within an amplified BRAF^V600E locus and a missense point mutation of the transcriptional repressor BCORL1 in vemurafenib-resistant A375 melanoma cells. [Neoplasia] Abstract

A Nonquiescent “Idling” Population State in Drug-Treated, BRAF-Mutated Melanoma

Scientists examined the responses of several BRAF-mutated melanoma cell lines to BRAF inhibitors. They observed complex response dynamics across cell lines, with short-term responses varying from cell line to cell line. In the long term, however, they observed equilibration of all drug-treated populations into a nonquiescent state characterized by a balanced rate of death and division, which we term the “idling” state. [Biophys J] Abstract

Antitumor Effect of Antibiotic Resistance Gene-Free Plasmids Encoding Interleukin-12 in Canine Melanoma Model

The results obtained in vitro in different cell lines showed that following gene electrotransfer, the newly constructed plasmids had cytotoxicity and expression profiles comparable to plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes. In vivo studies showed a statistically significant prolonged tumor growth delay of CMeC-1 tumors compared to control vehicle-treated mice after intratumoral gene electrotransfer. [Cancer Gene Ther] Abstract

Three-Dimensional Experiments and Individual Based Simulations Show That Cell Proliferation Drives Melanoma Nest Formation in Human Skin Tissue

Scientists measured nest formation in populations of irradiated and non-irradiated melanoma cells, cultured together with primary keratinocyte and fibroblast cells on a 3D experimental human skin model. They showed that nest size depends on initial cell number and is driven primarily by cell proliferation rather than cell migration. [BMC Syst Biol] Full Article

Long Non-Coding RNAs in Melanoma

Scientists summarize the functional role of long non‐coding RNAs in melanoma and their potential clinical application for diagnosis, prognostication and treatment. [Cell Prolif] Abstract

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Krystal Submits Investigational New Drug (IND) Application for KB103, Topical Gene Therapy Candidate for Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa

Krystal Biotech Inc. announced the submission of an IND application with the FDA to initiate a Phase I/II, first in-human trial of KB103, an HSV-1 based gene therapy engineered to deliver a human collagen-producing gene to patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. [Krystal Biotech Inc.] Press Release

Disease Models from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Now Commercially Available

Elixirgen Scientific has begun selling a variety of cell-based human disease models after signing a new agreement, which allows the company to produce and distribute cells differentiated from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine’s human pluripotent stem cell repository. [Elixirgen Scientific] Press Release

In Emotional Speech, CDC’s New Leader Vows to Uphold Science

Robert Redfield Jr., the new director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), gave a deeply personal agency-wide address in which he repeatedly underscored the importance of science and data and said the CDC’s most critical public health mission is to protect Americans “from that which we don’t expect”. [The Washington Post] Editorial

Cancer Researcher at the Ohio State University Resigns following Multiple Misconduct Findings

A cancer researcher has resigned from The Ohio State University in Columbus after the institution determined he had committed misconduct in eight papers. His work in designing anticancer compounds had led to millions of dollars in funding and multiple patents, as well as two compounds in clinical trials. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NIH Moves to Punish Researchers Who Violate Confidentiality in Proposal Reviews

Late last year, National Institutes of Health (NIH) officials disclosed that they had discovered that someone involved in the proposal review process had violated confidentiality rules designed to protect its integrity. As a result, the agency announced in December 2017 that it would re-review dozens of applications that might have been compromised. Now, NIH says it has completed re-evaluating 60 applications and has also begun taking disciplinary action against researchers who broke its rules. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Goodbye Flat Biology: In Vivo Inspired Cancer Biology and Therapy
September 9-12, 2018
Berlin, Germany

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Melanoma (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Faculty Position – Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine (Seattle Children’s Research Institute)

Academic Dermatopathologist – Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (Harvard Medical School)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Melanoma (University of North Texas Health Science Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Epidermal Development and Differentiation (National Institutes of Health)

Postdoctoral Associate – Biomedical Engineering (University of Minnesota)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Research (Indiana University School of Medicine)

Scientific Editor – Cancer Cell (Elsevier)

PhD Position – Melanoma (University of Luxembourg)

PhD or Postdoctoral Position – Tissue Repair, Stem Cell Fate and Tumor Heterogeneity (Université Libre de Bruxelles)

Faculty Positions – Cancer and Stem Cell Biology (Sun Yat-Sen University)

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