Dermal Cell News Volume 4.22 | Jun 25 2018

TOP STORY

Codon-Specific Translation Reprogramming Promotes Resistance to Targeted Therapy

Investigators showed that BRAF^V600E-expressing melanoma cells are dependent on wobble uridine 34 tRNA enzymes for survival, and that concurrent inhibition of MAPK signaling and ELP3 or CTU1 and/or CTU2 synergized to kill melanoma cells. [Nature] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

DERMAL STEM CELLS & TISSUE REGENERATION

Immuno-Detection by Sequencing Enables Large-Scale High-Dimensional Phenotyping in Cells

Researchers used immuno-detection by sequencing to simultaneously measure 70 (phospho-)proteins in primary human epidermal stem cells to screen the effects of ~300 kinase inhibitor probes to characterize the role of 225 kinases. They showed an association between decreased mTOR signaling and increased differentiation and uncovered 13 kinases potentially regulating epidermal renewal through distinct mechanisms. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Graphene and Graphene Oxide Induce ROS Production in Human HaCaT Skin Keratinocytes: The Role of Xanthine Oxidase and NADH Dehydrogenase

The mechanism of toxicity of two graphene-based nanomaterials (few-layer-graphene, and graphene oxide) towards human HaCaT skin keratinocytes was investigated. Both materials induced a significant mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Since the effect was not prevented by cyclosporine-A, it appears to be unrelated to mitochondrial transition pore opening. [Nanoscale] Abstract | Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Establishment of an In Vitro Organoid Model of Dermal Papilla of Human Hair Follicle

Scientists attempted to establish an in vitro 3D organoid model consisting of 3D dermal papilla spheroids encapsulated by silk-gelatin hydrogel and hair follicle (HF) keratinocytes and stem cells. This HF organoid model showed the importance of structural features, cell-cell interaction, and hypoxia akin to in vivo HF. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Exposure Represses the Cell Cycle and Protein Synthesis Pathways in In Vitro Human Primary Keratinocytes and U937 Cell Lines

Low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) downregulated c-Myc in both U937 cells and human primary keratinocytes (HPKs), and upregulated p21^WAF1/CIP1 protein expression in U937 cells along with the activation of TGFβ and protein phosphatase 2A. In HPKs, LDIR downregulated mTOR signaling with repression of S6 and 4EBP1 activation. [PLoS One] Full Article

Desmoglein1 Deficiency Is a Potential Cause of Cutaneous Eruptions Induced by Shuanghuanglian Injection

Investigators showed that treatment with shuanghuanglian injection (SHLI) did not cause IL-4 and TNF-α mRNA increases in normal HaCaT cells. However, in the desmoglein 1-deficient HaCaT cells or mice, SHLI induced an extreme increase of IL-4 and TNF-α mRNA levels, as well as in the apoptosis rate. [Molecules] Full Article

SKIN CANCERS & DISORDERS

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Induces Apoptosis of Melanoma Cells via Sestrin2‐Mediated iNOS Signaling

The over expression of Sestrin2 induced by plasma treatment resulted in phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, followed by increased expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Fas and Fas ligand. Depletion of Sestrin2 reduced iNOS and Fas expression, which was associated with reduction of plasma‐induced apoptosis. [J Biophotonics] Abstract

Ethanolic Extracts of Artemisia apiacea Hance Improved Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions In Vivo and Suppressed TNF-Alpha/IFN-Gamma-Induced Proinflammatory Chemokine Production In Vitro

Artemisia apiacea Hance (EAH) inhibited the activation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and STAT-1 and suppressed the degradation of inhibited both nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. EAH also suppressed the translocation of inflammation transcription factors such as NF-κB p65 in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. [Nutrients] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Graviola (Annona muricata) Exerts Anti-Proliferative, Anti-Clonogenic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Human Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer UW-BCC1 and A431 Cells In Vitro: Involvement of Hedgehog Signaling

Graviola leaf and stem extract: dose-dependently suppressed UW-BCC1 and A431 cell growth, motility, wound closure, and clonogenicity; induced G₀/G₁ cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin/cdk factors while upregulating cdk inhibitors, and induced apoptosis as evidenced by cleavage of caspases-3, -8 and PARP. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

The Fucose Salvage Pathway Inhibits Invadopodia Formation and Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Melanoma Cells

Chemically or genetically increasing the fucose salvage pathway decreased invadopodium numbers and inhibited the proteolytic activity of invadopodia in WM793 melanoma cells. Inhibiting fucosylation by depleting fucokinase abrogated L-fucose-mediated inhibition of invadopodia, suggesting dependence on the fucose salvage pathway. [PLoS One] Full Article

Mild Electrical Stimulation with Heat Shock Reduces the Inflammatory Symptoms in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis Mouse Model

Mild electrical stimulation and heat shock (MES+HS)‐treated mice had decreased mRNA expression level of antimicrobial molecules which aggravated psoriasis. In IL‐17A‐stimulated HaCaT cells, MES+HS treatment significantly lowered the mRNA expression of aggravation markers. [Exp Dermatol] Abstract

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Tissue Repair and Regeneration with Endogenous Stem Cells

The authors highlight natural and synthetic biomaterials and their potential for improving applications of endogenous stem cells and examine the role of interspecies chimeras in regenerative medicine. [Nat Rev Mater] Abstract

Atopic Dermatitis

The immune response in atopic dermititis (AD) is skewed towards T helper 2 cell-mediated pathways and can in turn favor epidermal barrier disruption. Other contributing factors to AD onset include dysbiosis of the skin microbiota, systemic immune responses and neuroinflammation, which is involved in itch. [Nat Rev Dis Primers] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the dermal cell research field.

FDA Accepts Supplemental Biologics License Application for Merck’s KEYTRUDA^® (Pembrolizumab) as Adjuvant Therapy in Advanced Melanoma

Merck announced that the U.S. FDA has accepted for standard review a new supplemental biologics license application for KEYTRUDA, Merck’s anti-PD-1 therapy, as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of patients with resected, high-risk stage III melanoma and granted a Prescription Drug User Fee Act, or target action, date of February 16, 2019. [Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.,] Press Release

Castle Creek Pharmaceuticals Announces First Patient with Epidermolysis Bullosa Enrolled in Pharmacokinetics Study of Diacerein 1% Ointment

Castle Creek Pharmaceuticals announced that the first patient has been enrolled at UNC-Chapel Hill Dermatology & Skin Cancer Center in a new Phase I study evaluating the pharmacokinetics and safety of diacerein 1% ointment under maximum use conditions in patients with epidermolysis bullosa. [Castle Creek Pharma] Press Release

Prellis Biologics Achieves Unprecedented Speed and Resolution in 3D Printing of Human Tissue With Capillaries

Prellis Biologics, announced that it has reached record speed and resolution in the quest to print human tissue with viable capillaries, bringing the goal of printing human replacement organs closer to reality. [Prellis Biologics (Bussiness Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

New Group Aims to Bolster Science in Policymaking

Symbolically, it’s pushing back against the Trump administration’s efforts to cut research funding. Practically, it’s providing grant money to academic researchers in a wide variety of scientific fields, including biomedical, life, engineering, physical, law and public policy. [Scientific American] Editorial

White House Proposes a Narrowing of FDA’s Mission — And a New Name

The Trump administration has proposed a fundamental change to the mission of the FDA, one that would transfer most of the responsibility for regulating food safety to the Department of Agriculture and rename the FDA the “Federal Drug Administration.” [STAT News] Editorial

US-Chinese Trade War Puts Scientists in the Cross Hairs

Scientific research in the United States could become collateral damage in the country’s escalating trade dispute with China. Both countries went head-to-head in mid-June over tariffs on a long list of goods that includes lab equipment and reagents. That is likely to increase the cost of scientific research, and the impact could be felt more keenly in US labs. [Nature News] Editorial

African Scientists Launch Their Own Preprint

A group of open science advocates have launched the first preprint aimed exclusively at African scientists. AfricArxiv seeks to improve the visibility of African science by helping academics share their work quickly, say co-founders Justin Ahinon, and Jo Havemann. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Cell Symposia: Translation of Stem Cells to the Clinic: Challenges and Opportunities
December 2-4, 2018
Los Angeles, California, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Skin Cancer Biology (The University of Colorado)

NEW Postdoctoral Researcher – Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (NYU Langone Medical Center)

NEW Head of Human Clinical Development – Oncology & Wound Healing (QBiotics Group Limited)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Cellular Processes of Cancer (University of Southern California)

Assistant, Associate or Full Professor – Regenerative Medicine (University of San Diego)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Skin Stem Cells & Wound Healing (Johns Hopkins University)

Associate Professor or Professor – Skin Cancer (The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Psoriasis Research (Case Western Reserve University)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Melanoma (Ghent University)

Faculty Position – Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine (Seattle Children’s Research Institute)

PhD or Postdoctoral Position – Tissue Repair, Stem Cell Fate and Tumor Heterogeneity (Université Libre de Bruxelles)

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