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Pulmonary Cell News| ESC & iPSC News 13.34 August 29, 2018 | |
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TOP STORYDppa2/4 Facilitate Epigenetic Remodeling during Reprogramming to Pluripotency Researchers showed that ESC-specific factors Dppa2 and Dppa4 play a key role in resetting the epigenome to a pluripotent state. When co-expressed with Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, and Myc factors, Dppa2/4 yielded reprogramming efficiencies that exceeded 80% and accelerated reprogramming kinetics, generating iPSCs in two to four days. [Cell Stem Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Argonaute-miRNA Complexes Silence Target mRNAs in the Nucleus of Mammalian Stem Cells Investigators showed that ESCs contained high levels of nuclear AGO proteins and that in ESCs nuclear AGO protein activity allowed for the onset of differentiation. In the nucleus, AGO proteins interacted with core RISC components, including the TNRC6 proteins and the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. [Mol Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract FOXD1-Dependent MICU1 Expression Regulates Mitochondrial Activity and Cell Differentiation Analysis of MICU1 expression in human ESCs/human iPSCs showed low abundance of MICU1 due to its direct repression by Foxd1. Experimentally, restoration of MICU1 established the periodic cCa2+ oscillations and promoted cellular differentiation and maturation. [Nat Commun] Full Article DICER1 Is Essential for Self-Renewal of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Scientists report an essential requirement of DICER1 for the self-renewal of human ESCs (hESCs). Utilizing a conditional knockout approach, they found that DICER1 deletion led to increased death receptor-mediated apoptosis and failure of hESC self-renewal. [Stem Cell Reports] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)-iPSC-derived mesenchymal stromal-like cells showed enhanced chondrogenesis, whereas FOP-iPSC-derived sclerotome cells did not, possibly recapitulating normal embryonic skeletogenesis in FOP and cell-type specificity of FOP phenotypes. [Development] Full Article | Press Release Superhero Rictor Promotes Cellular Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Rictor was able to interact with Prkch and facilitate Prkch phosphorylation at Ser-642. Upon phosphorylation, Prkch promoted Klf4 phosphorylation and inhibited Klf4-dependent E-cadherin expression, thereafter leading to ESC differentiation. [Cell Death Differ] Abstract In vitro generated 3D tissues exhibited stable phenotype for over one year in culture, providing an attractive resource for long-term in vitro studies. Moreover, 3D derived tissue provided critical liver support in two animal models, including immunocompetent recipients. [Arch Toxicol] Full Article | Press Release Epigenetic Enzymes, Age, and Ancestry Regulate the Efficiency of Human iPSC Reprogramming The authors identified that BRG1, BAF155, and BAF60a expression was strongly correlated with iPSC reprogramming efficiency. They discovered that high efficiency iPSC reprogramming was negatively correlated with donor age, positively correlated with African American descent, and uncorrelated with donor sex. [Stem Cells] Abstract Researchers identified coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) as a novel transcriptional coactivator required for retinoic acid (RA)-associated decrease in Rex1, and for the RA induction of a subset of RA-regulated genes, including CRABP2 and NR2F1. CARM1 was required for mouse ESCs to differentiate into extra-embryonic endoderm in response to RA. [J Mol Biol] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Pre-exposure of human iPSCs and human ESCs to a sublethal concentration of 13-cis-retinoic acid (INN) did not influence cell proliferation and pluripotency. However, mesodermal differentiation was disrupted when INN was included in the medium during differentiation. [Sci Rep] Full Article Acoustic Tweezing Cytometry Induces Rapid Initiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Scientists found that acoustic tweezing cytometry (ATC)-mediated cyclic forces applied for 30 min to human ESCs (hESCs) near the edge of a colony induced immediate global responses throughout the colony, suggesting the importance of cell-cell connection in the mechanoresponsiveness of hESCs to ATC-applied forces. [Sci Rep] Full Article Enhanced Hepatic Differentiation of Human iPS Cells Using Gas Permeable Membrane Polydimethylsiloxane, which has a high oxygen permeability, was used for cell culture [O2 (+)], in addition to conventional tissue-culture-treated polystyrene. During endoderm differentiation, O2 (+) culture resulted in reduced expression of HIF-1α. As a result, researchers observed higher expression of the endoderm marker. [Tissue Eng Part A] Abstract Subscribe to one of our other 19 science newsletters such as Cell Therapy News & Mesenchymal Cell News. | |
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REVIEWSStudying Tissue Macrophages In Vitro: Are iPSC-Derived Cells the Answer? The authors suggest that a two-step model — in which iPSC-derived macrophages are first generated based on their ontogeny and then conditioned by their tissue-specific environment — offers immense potential for generating biologically relevant macrophages for future studies. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Tool to Study Brain Circuits in Autism-Related Disorders Investigators provide a brief overview on research using human iPSC in autism spectrum disorders and associated syndromes and on the current understanding of new theories using the re-implantation of neural precursors in mouse brain. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the ESC & iPSC research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSCENTOGENE and EVOTEC Sign Global Strategic Partnership CENTOGENE announced that Evotec AG and CENTOGENE AG entered into a global strategic collaboration agreement for joint drug discovery projects, developing compounds to treat rare genetic diseases. The collaboration brings together Evotec’s leading induced pluripotent stem cell platform and broad drug discovery capabilities with CENTOGENE’s unique medical and genetic insights. [CENTOGENE AG] Press Release Jefferson and Monell Center Sign Agreement of Cooperation The Monell Center and Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University) announced the signing of an Agreement of Cooperation, outlining how the two institutions will collaborate over the next year to develop joint scientific programs and clinical opportunities to advance their shared mission of improving human health. [Thomas Jefferson University] Press Release Marius Wernig Awarded the 2018 Ogawa-Yamanaka Stem Cell Prize Marius Wernig, MD, PhD, was announced as the winner of the 2018 Ogawa-Yamanaka Stem Cell Prize by the Gladstone Institutes. Wernig was selected for innovating direct cellular reprogramming technology and for his contributions to the advancement of therapies for genetic diseases based on induced pluripotent stem cells. [Gladstone Institutes] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSLong shrouded in secrecy, the contents of peer review are coming into the open. In the past decade, outlets such as eLife, F1000Research, Royal Society Open Science, Annals of Anatomy, Nature Communications, PeerJ and EMBO Press have begun to publish referee reports. [Nature] Editorial Clinical Trials Have Far Too Little Racial and Ethnic Diversity Drug regulators such as the FDA should create and enforce tougher requirements: for a drug to be approved for market, the patient panels of its clinical trials should closely resemble the makeup of the patient populations who will actually use the candidate medicine. And drugmakers should adopt their own testing policies, including strong standards for diverse patient groups. [Scientific American] Editorial India Targets Universities in Predatory-Journal Crackdown Most academics regard predatory journals as an irritant – if not a threat – to science. But in India, some universities have recommended the inclusion of such publications in the country’s ‘white list’ of approved journals. Now the government is cracking down on this practice, which scientists say came about as a result of perverse government incentives. [Nature News] Editorial US Senate Passes Spending Bill Granting NIH $39.1 Billion The US Senate passed a spending bill allotting $39.1 billion to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for the 2019 fiscal year starting on October 1. [The Scientist] Editorial NIH Investigating Whether U.S. Scientists Are Sharing Ideas with Foreign Governments Fears that foreign governments are tapping U.S.-funded research for valuable information have reached the nation’s largest research funder, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland. Last week it sent a letter to more than 10,000 research institutions, urging them to ensure that NIH grantees are properly reporting their foreign ties. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Reprogramming, Maintenance and Differentiation of hPSCs NEW Reprogramming, Maintenance and Differentiation of hPSCs NEW Reprogramming, Maintenance and Differentiation of hPSCs Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Faculty Position – Stem Cell Biology (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) Senior Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cells (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Postdoctoral Fellow – Optogenetic Control of Cell Polarity (European Molecular Biology Laboratory) Research Assistant – Chromatin & Development Research (Medical Research Council) Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Cell Fate & Early Development Research (Medical Research Council) Postdoctoral Scholar – Cellular Basis of Morphogenesis (University of California, San Francisco) Postdoctoral Scholar – Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology (University of California, Berkeley) Postdoctoral Fellow – hiPSC Based Cardiac Regeneration (Duke University) Postdoctoral Fellow – Human Skeletal Muscle Disease Modeling and Regeneration (Duke University) Scientist/Senior Scientist – Bioprocess Engineering (Bluerock Therapeutics, LLC.) Postdoctoral Fellow – Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering (Stanford University) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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