 | | Vol. 11.41 – 22 October, 2020 |
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| The authors showed that depletion of transforming growth factor-β receptor 2 (TGFβR2) in CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, halts cancer progression as a result of tissue healing and remodeling of the blood vasculature, causing cancer cell hypoxia and death in distant avascular regions.
[Nature] |
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 | | PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal |
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| Following the finding that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) suppresses T helper 2 (TH2)-cell-mediated cancer immunity, scientists showed that blocking TGF-β signaling in CD4+ T cells remodels the tumour microenvironment and restrains cancer progression.
[Nature] |
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| The mechanisms by which regulatory T (Treg) cells differentially control allergic and autoimmune responses remain unclear. Researchers showed that Treg cells in food allergy had decreased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) because of interleukin-4- and signal transducer and activator of transciription-6-dependent inhibition of Tgfb1 transcription.
[Immunity] |
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| Investigators showed that GALA induced the glycosylation of the ER-resident calnexin (Cnx) in breast and liver cancer. Glycosylated Cnx and its partner ERp57 are trafficked to invadosomes, which are sites of ECM degradation.
[Nature Cell Biology] |
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| Researchers determined that the Siah2 E3 ubiquitin ligase functions in a coincidence detection circuit linking responses to the Shh mitogen and the ECM to control cerebellar granule neurons germinal zone occupancy.
[Nature Communications] |
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| Scientists applied genetic fate mapping and temporal clonal analysis to identify murine cardiomyocytes committed to the Purkinje fiber (PF) lineage as early as E7.5. They found that a polyclonal PF network emerged by progressive recruitment of conductive precursors to this scaffold from a pool of bipotent progenitors.
[Nature Communications] |
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| The authors describe a method to study whole-tissue ECM effects from disease states associated with metastasis on tumor cell phenotypes and identified the individual ECM proteins and signaling pathways that were driving these effects.
[Science Advances] |
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| Scientists demonstrated that network plasticity independently controlled mesenchymal stem cell spreading through a biphasic relationship dependent on cell-intrinsic forces, and this relationship could be shifted by inhibiting actomyosin contractility.
[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America] |
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| Emerging evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment induces immune dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs), characterized with both increased intracellular lipid content and mitochondrial respiration. The authors report that fatty acid-carrying tumor-derived exosomes induced immune dysfunctional DCs to promote immune evasion.
[Cell Reports] |
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| Interruption of the oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1 (OSR1)-Smad2/3-TGF-β1 signaling axis elicited a robust anti-EMT and anti-metastatic effect in vitro and in vivo.
[Oncogene] |
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| WJ-MSCs were encapsulated in 3D hydrogels derived from human fibrin or platelet lysate and the oxygen level was adjusted to physiological normoxia (5% O2).
[Scientific Reports] |
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| By varying the physical properties of collagen, investigators found that MDA-MB-231 tumor cells invaded and escaped faster in lower-density ECM. These effects were mediated by the ECM pore size, rather than by the elastic modulus or interstitial flow speed.
[iScience] |
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| The authors focus on brain microenvironment features impacted by tumor biology. They also discuss limits of current preclinical models and how complementary models, such as humanized animals and organoids, will allow deeper mechanistic insights on cancer biology, allowing for more efficient testing of therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy, for brain cancers.
[Neuron] |
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| Scientists present the role of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment and the underlying mechanism of how exosomes exacerbate tumor development through metabolic reprogramming.
[Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy] |
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| The TGF-β1 signaling pathway may have a key role in the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The authors summarize the pathogenesis, risk factors, imaging features, clinical staging, therapeutic methods, prevention and treatment strategies associated with MRONJ.
[International Journal of Oral Science] |
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| Bruker Corporation announced the release of the Vutara VXL Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscope for nanoscale biological imaging. Vutara VXL serves as a biological microscopy workstation for research on DNA, RNA, proteins, chromatin structure and chromosomal substructures. It also supports advanced spatial biology research in ECM structures, extracellular vesicles, virology, neuroscience, and live-cell imaging.
[Bruker] |
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| NOXXON Pharma N.V. announced the collaboration with three additional clinical sites to increase recruitment capacity for the Phase I/II brain cancer study of NOX-A12 plus radiotherapy (which acts on the tumor microenvironment), as a measure to ensure the timely completion of their study.
[NOXXON Pharma N.V.] |
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| March 22 – March 24, 2021
Virtual |
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| | Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute – Haining, Zhejiang, China |
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| | H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute – Tampa, Florida, United States |
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| | Medical University of Vienna – Vienna, Austria |
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| | Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego – La Jolla, California, United States |
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| | University of British Columbia- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
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