Human Immunology News Volume 11.18 | May 9 2023

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    2023-05-09 | HIN 11.18


    Human Immunology News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 11.18 – 9 May, 2023
    TOP STORY

    Interleukin-3 Coordinates Glial-Peripheral Immune Crosstalk to Incite Multiple Sclerosis

    Scientists showed that central nervous system-resident astrocytes and infiltrating CD44hiCD4+ T cells generated interleukin-3, while microglia and recruited myeloid cells expressed interleukin-3 receptor-ɑ.
    [Immunity]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract
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    Dynamic Chromatin Accessibility Licenses STAT5- and STAT6-Dependent Innate-Like Function of TH9 Cells to Promote Allergic Inflammation

    The authors found that resting TH9 cells produced IL-9 independently of T cell receptor restimulation, due to STAT5- and STAT6-dependent bystander activation. This mechanism was seen in circulating cells from allergic patients and was restricted to recently activated cells.
    [Nature Immunology]

    AbstractPress Release

    A Human Model of Asthma Exacerbation Reveals Transcriptional Programs and Cell Circuits Specific to Allergic Asthma

    IL9-expressing pathogenic T2 cells were specific to asthmatic airways and were only observed after allergen challenge. Additionally, conventional type 2 dendritic cells and CCR2-expressing monocyte-derived cells were uniquely enriched in asthmatics after allergen.
    [Science Immunology]

    Full Article

    The Immunopeptidome Landscape Associated with T Cell Infiltration, Inflammation and Immune Editing in Lung Cancer

    Scientists surveyed 61 tumor regions and adjacent nonmalignant lung tissues from eight patients with lung cancer and performed deep antigen discovery combining immunopeptidomics, genomics, bulk and spatial transcriptomics, and explored the heterogeneous expression and presentation of tumor (neo)antigens.
    [Nature Cancer]

    Full Article

    Methionine Consumption by Cancer Cells Drives a Progressive Upregulation of PD-1 Expression in CD4 T Cells

    Investigators developed nutrient-deprived media and a conditional knockout female mouse model to study the mechanism underlying PD-1 upregulation. Reduced methionine increased PD-1 expression on CD4 T cells.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Identification of CircRNA Signature Associated with Tumor Immune Infiltration to Predict Therapeutic Efficacy of Immunotherapy

    Scientists sharacterized circRNA expression profiles in two independent cohorts of 157 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-treated advanced melanoma patients and revealed overall overexpression of circRNAs in ICB non-responders in both pre-treatment and early during therapy.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    The Single-Cell Transcriptional Landscape of Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes in Pediatric-Onset Colitis

    Researchers reported a dysregulated colonic innate lymphoid cells (ILC) composition in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease colitis that correlated with inflammatory activity, including accumulation of naive-like CD45RA+CD62L ILCs.
    [Cell Reports Medicine]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    A Single-Cell View on Host Immune Transcriptional Response to In Vivo BCG-Induced Trained Immunity

    The authors investigated the heterogeneity of trained immunity induction by single-cell RNA sequencing of immune cells collected from 156 samples.
    [Cell Reports]

    Full Article

    NK Cell Phenotype Is Associated with Response and Resistance to Daratumumab in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

    Investigators observed that addition of healthy donor-derived purified NK cells to BM samples from patients with either primary or acquired daratumumab-resistance improved daratumumab-mediated multiple myeloma cell killing.
    [Hemasphere]

    Full Article
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    REVIEWS

    Common Genetic Factors Among Autoimmune Diseases

    Scientists summarize the current understanding of autoimmune disease genetics, including shared effects, mechanisms, and evolutionary origins.
    [Science]

    Abstract

    The Peritumor Microenvironment: Physics and Immunity

    The authors describe the distinct physical features of the peritumoral microenvironment and link their relationship to immune responses.
    [Trends In Cancer]

    Abstract
    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    INmune Bio, Inc. Announces FDA Clearance of IND Application for INKmune™, a Natural Killer Therapy, for a Phase I/II Trial in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

    INmune Bio, Inc. announced today the US FDA has cleared the Investigational New Drug (IND) application for INKmune™, a novel natural killer cell immunotherapy, for a Phase I/II open-label clinical trial for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
    [INmune Bio, Inc.]

    Press Release
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    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

    Principal Investigator – Immune System Aging and Inflammation

    Calico Life Sciences LLC – San Francisco, California, United States

    Postdoctoral Positions – Celiac Disease

    California Institute of Technology – Pasadena, California, United States

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    University of Pennsylvania – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

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    Dana-Farber Cancer Institute – Boston, Massachusetts, United States

    Postdoctoral Position – Single-Cell Multiomics in T Cell Biology

    Karolinska Institutet – Solna, Sweden

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