Human Immunology News Volume 5.02 | Jan 17 2017

TOP STORY

Identification of Highly Connected Hub Genes in the Protective Response Program of Human Macrophages and Microglia Activated by Alpha B-Crystallin

The authors showed that systemically administered HSPB5 rapidly crosses the blood–brain barrier, implicating microglia as additional targets for HSPB5 along with peripheral monocytes and macrophages. [Glia] Abstract

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Imbalance of Th17/Treg Cells in Pathogenesis of Patients with Human Leukocyte Antigen B27 Associated Acute Anterior Uveitis

The percentages of Th17 and Treg cells, their molecular markers and related factors in peripheral blood of patients and healthy controls were measured by flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. The authors observed a remarkable increase of CD4⁺ and CD4⁺IL-17⁺ T cells in peripheral blood of patients compared to controls. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Differential Effects of Vitamins A and D on the Transcriptional Landscape of Human Monocytes during Infection

Scientists performed a comprehensive RNA-seq-based approach to define the whole immunomodulatory role of vitamins A and D during infection. Using human monocytes as host cells, they characterized the differential role of both vitamins upon infection with three different pathogens: Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Induction and Differentiation of IL-10–Producing Regulatory B Cells from Healthy Blood Donors and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Researchers identified the CD19⁺CD27⁺ memory B cell population as the major source of IL-10⁺ regulatory B cells. They detected significantly fewer CD19⁺CD27⁺IL-10⁺ cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with healthy controls, and these were functionally defective in suppressing IFN-γ production by CD4⁺ T cells in coculture. [J Immunol] Abstract

PRMT5-Selective Inhibitors Suppress Inflammatory T Cell Responses and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Investigators showed that protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT)5 is an important modulator of CD4⁺ T cell expansion. PRMT5 was transiently upregulated during maximal proliferation of mouse and human memory Th cells. [J Immunol] Abstract | Full Article

Extracellular MicroRNA Signature of Human Helper T Cell Subsets in Health and Autoimmunity

No data are available on whether human CD4⁺ T cell subsets release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing different pattern of microRNAs. The authors aimed to fill this gap by assessing the microRNA content in EVs released upon in vitro TCR stimulation of Th1, Th17 and T regulatory cells. [J Biol Chem] Abstract | Full Article

Differential Regulation of CD103 (αE Integrin) Expression in Human Dendritic Cells by Retinoic Acid and Toll-Like Receptor Ligands

Scientists showed that retinoic acid (RA) treatment of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) increased the ability of the DCs to synthesize RA and induced MoDC expression of CD103 and β7 at the mRNA and protein level. [J Leukoc Biol] Abstract

Phosphatidylserine Outer Layer Translocation Is Implicated in IL-10 Secretion by Human Regulatory B Cells

Investigators explored if phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure can be a marker of interleukin 10 (IL-10) producing B cells (B10 cells) and if PS exposure has a functional role on B cell IL-10 production in healthy subjects. They found that B10 cells were significantly more often Annexin V⁺ than IL-10 non-producing B cells. [PLoS One] Full Article

Zinc Modulates Endotoxin-Induced Human Macrophage Inflammation through ZIP8 Induction and C/EBPβ Inhibition

Researchers determined the impact of zinc metabolism following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in human macrophages. They observed that SLC39A8 (ZIP8) is constitutively expressed in resting macrophages and strikingly elevated following LPS exposure, a response that is unique compared to the 13 other known zinc import proteins. [PLoS One] Full Article

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T Cell Receptor Repertoire Usage in Cancer as a Surrogate Marker for Immune Responses

The authors review the concept framework and current experimental approaches to characterize the T cell receptor repertoire usage in cancer including inherent technical and biological challenges. [Semin Immunopathol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field.

Immune Pharmaceuticals Satellite Symposium at the International Symposium on Acute Leukemias XVI

Immune Pharmaceuticals announced that it will hold a Satellite Symposium at the International Symposium on Acute Leukemias XVI. The satellite symposium is entitled: “Reinforcing the Efficacy of Immunotherapy for the maintenance of remission in AML with Ceplene” [Press release from Immune Pharmaceuticals Inc. discussing research to be presented at the the International Symposium on Acute Leukemias (ISAL) XVI, Munich] Press Release

Institute for Clinical Immuno-Oncology White Paper Highlights the Challenges, Progress, and Priorities in Immunotherapy

A new white paper from the Association of Community Cancer Centers Institute for Clinical Immuno-Oncology (ICLIO) highlights immunotherapy research from 2016, emerging policy issues and challenges that may impact the future of immuno-oncology in practice, and ICLIO resources to support the multidisciplinary cancer care team in delivering immunotherapies for cancer. [Association of Community Cancer Centers (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Cryoport to Support ProMab Biotechnologies’ CAR-T Cell Preclinical Services

Cryoport, Inc. announced that it will be providing its advanced cryogenic logistics solutions to support ProMab Biotechnologies’ new chimeric-antigen receptors (CARs), and specifically CAR-redirected T-cells (CAR-T). [Cryoport, Inc.] Press Release

Lilly and Merck Expand Immuno-Oncology Collaboration

Eli Lilly and Company announced the expansion of an existing immuno-oncology collaboration with Merck through a subsidiary, to add a new study of Lilly’s LARTRUVO™ with KEYTRUDA^® in patients with previously treated advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. [Eli Lilly and Company] Press Release

Croatia’s Science Minister Rejects Calls to Resign amid Plagiarism Scandal

In a plagiarism scandal in Croatia, the country’s highest-level research ethics committee is clashing with its science minister — who says he won’t step down after the committee found he had copied another scholar’s work. Scientists say the case raises questions about academic integrity at the top of a research system that is already riven with misconduct allegations. [Nature News] Editorial

European Commission Clears Up Questions on Orphan Drug Regulation

Following a public consultation in November 2015, the European Commission has released a new communication intended to clarify some lingering questions about the EU’s Orphan Regulation. The consultation sought to address five issues that have arisen since the Orphan Regulation came into effect in January 2000. [Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society] Editorial

NEW Keystone Symposium: Type I Interferon: Friend and Foe Alike
March 19-23, 2017
Banff, Canada

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology)

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (The University of Texas Medical School at Houston)

Senior Scientist – Immunology (Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH)

Postdoctoral Position – Visceral Pain and Neuro-Immune Interaction (KU Leuven)

Scientist Positions – Immunology (New York Blood Center)

PhD Student – Cancer Research (University of Otago)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Melanoma (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute)

Scientist/Senior Scientist – Immunology (Vor BioPharma)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of HIV-1 and Cancer (University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Molecular Immunology (University of California San Diego School of Medicine)

Assistant Associate – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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