Human Immunology News Volume 6.37 | Sep 18 2018

TOP STORY

No Recovery of Replication-Competent HIV-1 from Human Liver Macrophages

The authors examined whether human liver macrophages (LMs), the largest tissue macrophage population, comprise an HIV-1 reservoir. They purified LMs from liver explants and included treatment with a T cell immunotoxin to reduce T cells to 1% or less. [J Clin Invest] Full Article

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In Vivo Fate and Activity of Second versus Third-Generation D19-Specific CAR-T Cells in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

Scientists designed a clinical trial in which two autologous CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-transduced T-cell products, 2G and 3G, were infused simultaneously in 16 patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [Mol Ther] Abstract

Hepatitis B Virus Blocks the CRE/CREB Complex and Prevents TLR9 Transcription and Function in Human B Cells

Researchers showed that hepatitis B virus (HBV) can enter and decrease TLR9 expression in human primary B cells. Using PBMCs from human blood donors, they showed that TLR9 expression was reduced in all peripheral B cells subsets exposed to HBV. [J Immunol] Abstract

Accurate Quantification of T-Cells Expressing PD-1 in Patients on Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy

Investigators observed that currently no antibodies are available that can reliably stain all PD-1 receptors on T-cells from patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies. Furthermore, none of the diagnostic antibodies detected the entire population of PD-1⁺ T-cells relative to indirect staining using the therapeutic antibodies themselves. [Cancer Immunol Immunother] Abstract

Correlation between CD4⁺CD28^null T Lymphocytes, Regulatory T Cells and Plaque Rupture: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Researchers investigated the correlation between CD4⁺CD28^null T-cells, Treg, CD4⁺CD28^null/Treg ratio and plaque phenotype as assessed by optical coherence tomography. [Int J Cardiol] Abstract

The Immune Checkpoint CD96 Defines a Distinct Lymphocyte Phenotype and Is Highly Expressed on Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells

Investigators provide a detailed map of CD96 expression across human lymphocyte lineages, the kinetics of CD96 regulation upon T cell activation and co‐expression with other conventional and emerging immune checkpoint molecules. [Immunol Cell Biol] Abstract

Second Generation Atypical Antipsychotics Olanzapine and Aripiprazole Reduce Expression and Secretion of Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Immune Cells

Scientists used ex vivo stimulation of primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy blood donors with atypical antipsychotics olanzapine or aripiprazole to examine effects on cytokine production independent from metabolic side effects and disease status. [J Psychiatr Res] Abstract

Fc Gamma Receptor IIa Suppresses Type I and III Interferon Production by Human Myeloid Immune Cells

The authors showed that IgG opsonization of model viruses influenza and respiratory syncytial virus strongly and selectively suppressed type I and III IFN production by various human antigen-presenting cells. [Eur J Immunol] Full Article

HLA-A*33:03-Restricted Activation of Ticlopidine-Specific T-Cells from Human Donors

Scientists showed HLA class I-restricted ticlopidine-specific CD8⁺ T-cell activation in healthy donors expressing HLA-A*33:03. [Chem Res Toxicol] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Spleen Tyrosine Kinase-Dependent Nrf2 Activation Regulates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death in WiL2-NS Human B Lymphoblasts

Researchers investigated whether B cell survival is regulated by Nrf2 via ROS-mediated Syk activation in WiL2-NS human B lymphoblast cells. [Free Radic Res] Abstract

CD4⁺ T Cell Activation, Function, and Metabolism Are Inhibited by Low Concentrations of DMSO

Human CD4⁺ T cell activation, cytokine production, proliferation, and metabolism were investigated after stimulation in the presence of 0.01% to 1%, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), representing concentrations commonly used in vitro. [J Immunol Methods] Full Article

Cell Fusion Potentiates Tumor Heterogeneity and Reveals Circulating Hybrid Cells that Correlate with Stage and Survival

The authors present evidence that fusion of neoplastic cells with leukocytes contributes to tumor heterogeneity, resulting in cells exhibiting increased metastatic behavior. [Sci Adv] Full Article | Press Release

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Th17 and Treg Lymphocytes in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Scientists discuss the accumulating data supporting the concept that T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) mediated immune responses are present in obesity-related type 2 diabetes (T2DM) pathogenesis, and provide evidence that restoration of Th17/Treg imbalance may be a possible therapeutic avenue for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its complications. [Clin Immunol] Abstract

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Mitra Biotech Announces Partnership with Glenmark Pharmaceuticals to Provide Clinically Relevant Translational Platform Supporting Development of Immuno-Oncology Portfolio

Mitra Biotech announced a partnership with Glenmark Pharmaceuticals focused on advancing Glenmark’s proprietary immuno-oncology drug pipeline utilizing Mitra’s CANscript platform. [Mitra Biotech] Press Release

Fate Therapeutics Announces Strategic Collaboration with ONO Pharmaceutical to Develop Off-the-Shelf, iPSC-derived CAR-T Cell Cancer Immunotherapies

Fate Therapeutics, Inc. announced that it has entered into a collaboration with ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. for the joint development and commercialization of two off-the-shelf CAR-T cell product candidates. [Fate Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

Boston Biomedical Announces First Patient Dosed with Investigational Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 7 Agonist DSP-0509 in Phase I Trial of Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors Refractory to Standard Treatment

Boston Biomedical, Inc. announced that it has initiated clinical trial activities for DSP-0509, an investigational TLR 7 agonist. DSP-0509 is hypothesized to induce cytokine production, activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and sustain the immune-mediated antitumor activity by induction of immune system memory cells. [Boston Biomedical, Inc.] Press Release

World’s Largest General Science Society OKs Stripping Honors from Scientists Found to Be Sexual Harassers

The governing council of AAAS (publisher of Science) in Washington, D.C., unanimously adopted a policy on sexual harassment and other misconduct by scientists who have been elected as AAAS fellows. Starting on 15 October, fellows who have been proved to have violated professional ethics—which are defined as including sexual harassment—may be stripped of the prestigious honor. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Mass Resignation Guts Board of Prestigious Cochrane Collaboration

The board of the Cochrane Collaboration, a prestigious group that reviews health evidence, has been reduced from 13 to 6 members, following a controversial vote to expel a member for the first time in its 25-year existence. [Nature News] Editorial

NIH Set to Strengthen Its Sexual-Harassment Policies

The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) is remaking how it handles allegations of harassment by its employees. The agency will soon introduce a centralized system for reporting harassment by NIH scientists, director Francis Collins said. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Keystone Symposia: Functional Cures and the Eradication of HIV
March 24-28, 2019
Whistler, British Columbia, Canada

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