Human Immunology News Volume 7.02 | Jan 22 2019

TOP STORY

Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Prognosis: A Pooled Individual Patient Analysis of Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancers

Researchers conducted a pooled analysis of studies that have investigated the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in early-stage triple negative breast cancer. [J Clin Oncol] Abstract

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Organoid-Induced Differentiation of Conventional T Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Investigators report that a continuous 3D organoid system induced an orderly sequence of commitment and differentiation from pluripotent stem cell-derived embryonic mesoderm through hematopoietic specification and efficient terminal differentiation to naive CD3⁺CD8αβ⁺ and CD3⁺CD4⁺ conventional T cells with a diverse T cell receptor repertoire. [Cell Stem Cell] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

A Noncanonical Role for the Engulfment Gene ELMO1 in Neutrophils that Promotes Inflammatory Arthritis

Neutrophils from the peripheral blood of human donors that carry the single-nucleotide polymorphism in ELMO1 associated with arthritis displayed increased migratory capacity, whereas ELMO1 knockdown reduced human neutrophil migration to chemokines linked to arthritis. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

Memory CD4⁺ T Cells Are Generated in the Human Fetal Intestine

Researchers combined functional assays with mass cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing and high-throughput T cell antigen receptor sequencing to characterize the CD4⁺ T cell compartment in the human fetal intestine. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

High Frequencies of Circulating Memory T Cells Specific for Calreticulin Exon 9 Mutations in Healthy Individuals

Scientists investigated whether calreticulin (CALR)-mutant-specific T cells occur naturally in CALRwt myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-patients and in healthy individuals. Specific immune responses against epitopes in the mutant CALR peptide sequence were detected in both CALRwt MPN-patients and in healthy individuals. [Blood Cancer J] Full Article

Two Distinct Colonic CD14⁺ Subsets Characterized by Single-Cell RNA Profiling in Crohn’s Disease

The authors identified two phenotypically, morphologically and functionally distinct colonic HLADR⁺SIRPα⁺CD14⁺ subpopulations that were further characterized using single-cell RNA-sequencing in Crohn’s disease. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Effect of PTEN Inactivating Germline Mutations on Innate Immune Cell Function and Thyroid Cancer-Induced Macrophages in Patients with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome

Scientists assessed the effect of PTEN mutations on innate immune cell function in PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome patients, especially in the context of thyroid carcinoma, using a unique ex vivo model. [Oncogene] Abstract

Downregulated Caveolin-1 Expression in Circulating Monocytes May Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

The authors investigated whether abnormal modulation of caveolin-1 (CAV-1) on immune cells is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. They observed that CAV-1 level in psoriasis patients was apparently reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and it was prominent in CD14⁺ monocytes. [Sci Rep] Full Article

PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway Modulates Macrophage Susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specific CD8⁺ T cell Induced Death

Investigators studied the role of PD-1 pathway and macrophage polarization on M. tuberculosis-specific CD8⁺T cell-induced macrophage death. They observed that both PD-L1 on CD14⁺ cells and PD-1 on CD8⁺T cells were highly expressed at the site of infection in pleurisy tuberculosis patients’ effusion samples. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Dissecting Alterations in Human CD8⁺ T Cells with Aging by High-Dimensional Single Cell Mass Cytometry

Scientists investigated the effect of aging on the multi-dimensional characteristics and heterogeneity of human peripheral CD8⁺ T cells defined by the expression of a set of molecules at the single cell level using the recently developed mass cytometry or cytometry by time-of-flight and computational algorithms. [Clin Immunol] Abstract

Elevated Circulating Levels of Monocyte Activation Markers among Tuberculosis Patients with Diabetes Co‐Morbidity

Researchers examined the plasma levels of sCD14, sCD163, C‐reactive protein and soluble tissue factor in individuals with tuberculosis (TB)-diabetes co‐morbidity, TB or diabetes mellitus, and in healthy controls. [Immunology] Abstract

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The Emergence of Natural Killer Cells as a Major Target in Cancer Immunotherapy

The authors summarize recent advances that have illuminated inhibitory checkpoints in natural killer (NK) cells, some of which are shared with conventional cytotoxic T lymphocytes. They also outline emerging approaches aimed at unleashing the potential of NK cells in immunotherapy. [Trends Immunol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field.

ImaginAb Enrolls First Patient in Phase II Clinical Trial

ImaginAb Inc. announced the enrollment of the first patient in the Phase II clinical trial of ImaginAb’s CD8⁺ T cell imaging agent. [ImaginAb Inc.] Press Release

TC BioPharm Creates Allogeneic Cell Banks for CAR-T Cancer Therapy Products

TC BioPharm announced it has completed formulation of its first allogeneic gamma delta T cell banks. [TC BioPharm] Press Release

Scientist Behind CRISPR Twins Sharply Criticized in Government Probe, Loses Job

He Jiankui, the Chinese researcher who claimed to have edited the genomes of twin baby girls in a heritable way—and earned widespread condemnation for conducting a risky procedure with little potential benefit—deliberately sidestepped regulations, dodged oversight, and used fake ethical review documents in hopes of gaining “personal fame” for a worldwide first, according to preliminary results from a Chinese governmental investigation. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

How Estonia Blazed a Trail in Science

Since it joined the European Union (EU) in 2004, Estonia has spent more than €1 billion in EU funds on modernizing its research base. It now boasts strengths in numerous fields, including ecology, molecular biology and genetics, and has built up extensive international research networks. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW 45^th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)
March 24-27, 2019
Frankfurt, Germany

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW PhD Student Position – Immunology (Universitätsmedizin Göttingen)

NEW Investigator Positions – Cancer Immunology (University of Alabama Birmingham)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology/Immunometabolism (Technische Universitat Braunschweig)

PhD Student – Immunology/Cell Biology (Universitatsklinikum Munster)

Postdoctoral Position – Cytokine-Producing B Cells (Inserm)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Immunity and Inflammation (University of Illinois – Chicago)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Yonsei Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (University of California, San Francisco)

Senior Postdoctoral Scientist/Deputy Group Leader – Immunology (Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases)

Junior Principal Investigator – Immunology (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

Supervisor – Transfusion Medicine – Immune, Progenitor, & Cell Therapy (Mayo Clinic)

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