Human Immunology News Volume 7.06 | Feb 19 2019

TOP STORY

Spatial and Temporal Mapping of Human Innate Lymphoid Cells Reveals Elements of Tissue Specificity

Through flow cytometric and transcriptional analyses of lymphoid, mucosal, and metabolic tissues from previously healthy human organ donors, the authors have provided a map of human innate lymphoid cell heterogeneity across multiple anatomical sites. [Immunity] Abstract

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Human Tumor-Associated Monocytes/Macrophages and Their Regulation of T Cell Responses in Early-Stage Lung Cancer

Researchers studied monocyte/macrophage lineage cells in early-stage human lung tumors and found that they consisted of a mixture of classical tissue monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The TAMs coexpressed M1/M2 markers, as well as T cell coinhibitory and costimulatory receptors. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract

Long Non-Coding RNAs Discriminate the Stages and Gene Regulatory States of Human Humoral Immune Response

Scientists provide an atlas of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in naive and GC B-cells that indicates their partition into ten functionally categories based on chromatin features, DNase hypersensitivity and transcription factor localization, defining lncRNAs classes such as enhancer-RNAs, bivalent-lncRNAs, and CTCF-associated, among others. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Adenosine Deaminase-1 Delineates Human Follicular Helper T Cell Function and Is Altered with HIV

Investigators applied gene array analysis identifying adenosine deaminase as a key molecule that delineated a human follicular helper T cell (Tfh) helper program in proliferating circulating Tfh cells and germinal centers Tfh. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Abnormal Effector and Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

The authors carried out a comprehensive integrated study, simultaneously assessing phenotype and functional responses of both effector and regulatory T cells in the same children with multiple sclerosis, monophasic inflammatory CNS disorders, and healthy controls, recruited as part of the multicentre prospective Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Study. [Brain] Abstract

Gα_s-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Sleep Regulate Integrin Activation of Human Antigen-Specific T Cells

Using multimers of peptide major histocompatibility complex molecules and of ICAM-1—the ligand of β2-integrins—scientists showed that the Gα_s-coupled receptor agonists isoproterenol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, prostaglandin (PG) E₂, PGD₂, and adenosine strongly inhibited integrin activation on human CMV- and EBV-specific CD8⁺ T cells in a dose-dependent manner. [J Exp Med] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

Mass Cytometry Analysis Reveals that Specific Intratumoral CD4⁺ T Cell Subsets Correlate with Patient Survival in Follicular Lymphoma

Using mass cytometry, researchers identified at least 12 subsets of intratumoral CD4⁺ T cells, three of which were unique to follicular lymphoma biopsies versus control tissues. Of these subsets, the frequency of naive T cells correlated with improved patient survival. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Patients with Liver Resection for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The authors explored the alteration of immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with liver resections. Nineteen patients were included and their peripheral blood samples were taken before and after liver resections for immune-cell analysis. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Peripheral CD39-Expressing T Regulatory Cells Are Increased and Associated with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Relapsing Patients

The activity and expression of CD39 and the CD39⁺ T regulatory cell frequency were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 55 relapsing relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and 55 age- and sex-paired controls. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Interaction between Nectin-1 and the Human Natural Killer Cell Receptor CD96

Investigators showed that human nectin-1 directly interacted with CD96 in vitro. The binding site for CD96 was located on the nectin-1 V-domain, which comprises a canonical interface that is shared by nectins to promote cell adhesion. [PLoS One] Full Article

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Human FOXP3⁺ Regulatory T Cell Heterogeneity and Function in Autoimmunity and Cancer

The authors review recent progress in the understanding of human regulatory T (Treg) cell heterogeneity and function. They discuss these findings within the context of concepts in Treg cell development and function derived from preclinical models and insight from approaches targeting Treg cells in clinical settings. [Immunity] Abstract

Human NK Cells: Surface Receptors, Inhibitory Checkpoints, and Translational Applications

NK cells play important roles in innate defenses against viruses and in the control of tumor growth and metastasis. The regulation/induction of NK cell function is mediated by an array of activating or inhibitory surface receptors. In humans, major activating receptors involved in target cell killing are the natural cytotoxicity receptors and NKG2D. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field.

Autolus Therapeutics Announces Updated Results from Ongoing CARPALL Trial of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Presented

Autolus Therapeutics plc announced that Professor Persis Amrolia presented updated data from the ongoing Phase I CARPALL trial of AUTO1 in a poster presentation. [Press release from Autolus Therapeutics plc discussing research presented at the European Hematology Association 1^st European CAR T Cell Meeting, Paris] Press Release

Alkermes and Clovis Oncology Initiate Research Collaboration to Explore Combination Cancer Therapies

Alkermes plc and Clovis Oncology, Inc. announced that the companies have entered into a research collaboration to evaluate ALKS 4230, Alkermes’ investigational engineered interleukin-2 variant immunotherapy, in combination with rucaparib, Clovis’ marketed PARP inhibitor, and lucitanib, Clovis’ investigational tyrosine kinase inhibitor. [Alkermes plc] Press Release

Gamida Cell Announces Agreement with Editas Medicine to Evaluate Use of CRISPR Genome Editing Technology in NAM-NK Cells

Gamida Cell Ltd. announced an agreement with Editas Medicine, Inc. to evaluate the potential use of Editas Medicine’s CRISPR technology to edit NAM-NK cells, which are natural killer cells that have been expanded using Gamida Cell’s proprietary nicotinamide-based, or NAM, technology. [Gamida Cell Ltd.] Press Release

AGC Biologics A/S and Calypso Biotech BV Announce Agreement for Process Development and cGMP Manufacture of CALY-002

AGC Biologics and Calypso Biotech B.V. announced that they have entered into an agreement for the process development and cGMP manufacture of CALY-002, a humanized monoclonal antibody inhibiting interleukin-15. [AGC Biologics] Press Release

Allakos Announces Positive Phase I Results with AK002 in Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis

Allakos Inc. announced positive multiple dose Phase I results in patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis, a debilitating disorder caused by the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells. [Allakos Inc.] Press Release

Australia Dials Back Effort to Control ‘Dual Use’ Research

A review of Australian export laws has pushed back against the government’s effort to tighten controls on technologies and research that might have dual military and non-military uses. Australian researchers, who were concerned that sweeping controls would restrict collaborative research, have welcomed the findings. [Nature News] Editorial

Trump Science Adviser Calls for More Collaboration Between Industry and Government

Kelvin Droegemeier, newly minted science adviser to US President Donald Trump, wants industry to take a larger role in funding research, with the ultimate goal of ushering in a “second golden era” of US science. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Gordon Research Conference: Phagocytes
June 2-7, 2019
Waterville Valley, New Hampshire, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Position – Innate Immunity (Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden)

NEW Postdoctoral Research Associate – Autoimmune Diseases (Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Positions – Human Immunology (University of California, San Francisco)

Staff Scientist – Immunology (Cellzome)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor Immune Evasion (Luxembourg Institute of Health)

Postdoctoral Positions – Immunity (UT Southwestern Medical Center)

Investigator Positions – Cancer Immunology (University of Alabama Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Position – Cytokine-Producing B Cells (Inserm)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Yonsei Cancer Center)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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