Human Immunology News Volume 7.20 | May 28 2019

TOP STORY

Killer-Like Receptors and GPR56 Progressive Expression Defines Cytokine Production of Human CD4⁺ Memory T Cells

Scientists showed that several surface markers, including KLRB1, KLRG1, GPR56, and KLRF1, help define low, high, or exhausted cytokine producers within human peripheral and intrahepatic CD4⁺ memory T-cell populations. [Nat Commun] Full Article

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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unveils the Shared and the Distinct Cytotoxic Hallmarks of Human TCRVδ1 and TCRVδ2 γδ T Lymphocytes

Researchers showed that high-resolution clustering of large single cell RNA-seq datasets and a combination of gene signatures allowed the specific detection of human γδ T lymphocytes and identification of their T cell receptor (TCR)Vδ1 and TCRVδ2 subsets in large datasets from complex cell mixtures. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

The Appropriate Frequency and Function of Decidual Tim-3⁺CTLA-4⁺CD8⁺ T Cells Are Important in Maintaining Normal Pregnancy

The authors examined the co-expression of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) on CD8⁺ T cells during pregnancy and found higher frequency of Tim-3⁺CTLA-4⁺decidual CD8⁺ T cells in response to trophoblasts. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Tofacitinib Modulates the VZV-Specific CD4⁺ T Cell Immune Response In Vitro in Lymphocytes of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Tofacitinib significantly reduced the IFNγ production, proliferation, activation, and CXCR3 expression of varicella-zoster-virus (VZV)-specific CD4⁺ T cells in a dose-dependent manner in short- and long-term lymphocyte culture. [Rheumatology (Oxford)] Abstract

Short-Term Changes in Frequencies of Circulating Leukocytes Associated with Narrowband UVB Phototherapy in People with Clinically Isolated Syndrome

The effects of narrowband UVB phototherapy on the frequencies of circulating immune cells and immunoglobulin levels after phototherapy were reported. Peripheral blood samples for all participants were collected at baseline, and one, two, three, six and twelve months after enrollment. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Increased Prefrontal Cortex Interleukin-2 Protein Levels and Shift in the Peripheral T Cell Population in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Patients

IL-2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta proteins are T and natural killer cell regulators and have previously been associated with other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. Investigators identified a shift in peripheral CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell populations toward increased numbers of memory and reduced numbers of naive T cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Prediction and Validation of Immunogenic Domains of Pneumococcal Proteins Recognized by Human CD4⁺ T Cells

The authors evaluated the potential of a bioinformatics tool for in silico prediction of immunogenicity as a method to reveal domains of pneumococcal proteins targeted by human CD4⁺ T cells. [Infect Immun] Full Article

Interaction of CD99 and Its Ligand Upregulates IL-6 and TNF-α upon T Cell Activation

Recombinant CD99 proteins induced the upregulation of IL-6 and TNF-α expression, but not IFN-γ, in anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody activated T cells. [PLoS One] Full Article

Monitoring Patient Response to Pembrolizumab with Peripheral Blood Exhaustion Marker Profiles

Scientists confirmed that across a range of cycles of pembrolizumab, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression was significantly higher on CD4⁺ T cells from non-responders compared to responders and T cell Ig and mucin domain containing-3 expressed on the surface of CD8⁺ T cells was significantly higher in non-responders compared to responders. [Front Med] Full Article

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The Role of Macrophages in the Resolution of Inflammation

The authors discuss the role of macrophages in the restoration of tissue function after injury, highlighting important questions about how they respond to and modify the local microenvironment to restore homeostasis. [J Clin Invest] Abstract

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Adaptimmune and Alpine Immune Sciences Announce Collaboration and License Agreement to Develop Next-Generation SPEAR T-Cell Products

Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc and Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc. announced a collaboration and license agreement to develop next-generation SPEAR T-cell products which incorporate Alpine’s secreted and transmembrane immunomodulatory protein technology. [Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc] Press Release

Be The Match BioTherapies^® Announces Collaboration with Poseida Therapeutics to Support Development of Life-Saving Cellular Therapies

Be The Match BioTherapies^® announced a collaboration with Poseida Therapeutics to provide end-to-end services to ensure timely collection, transport and delivery of high-quality cellular starting material to meet the specifications and needs of Poseida throughout the development of their autologous CAR-T programs. [Be The Match BioTherapies^®] Press Release

Taiwan Considers Double-Blind Peer Review for Grants

Taiwan’s science ministry is thinking of introducing double-blind peer review to assess research-grant proposals, a trend being adopted by some journals to eliminate bias. [Nature News] Editorial

Brazilian Scientists Strive to Turn Politicians into Allies

Brazil’s scientists are fighting back against President Jair Bolsonaro’s plans to slash funding for research and education programs. Researchers have joined with members of Brazil’s legislature, the National Congress, to highlight the strategic role that science, technology, and education play in the country’s economic and social development. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Cell Symposia – Gene and Cell Based Therapies: CRISPR, Stem Cells & Beyond
March 2-4, 2020
San Francisco, California, United States

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NEW PhD Position – Infection Biology/Mucosal Immunology (RWTH University Hospital)

Researcher – Tumor Responses to Radiotherapy & Immunotherapy (University Hospital of Northern Norway)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (KU Leuven)

Professor – Basal Allergy and Immunology (Aarhus University)

Postdoctoral Opportunities – Tumor Microenvironment/Immunology (Oregon Health & Science University)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Mucosal Immunology and the Microbiome (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Immunology and Bioengineering (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

Postdoctoral Associate – Cancer Biology/Tumor Immunology (Weill Cornell Medicine)

Director of Research – Division of Translational Medicine & Human Genetics (University of Pennsylvania)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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