Human Immunology News Volume 7.30 | Aug 6 2019

TOP STORY

CD24 Signaling through Macrophage Siglec-10 Is a Target for Cancer Immunotherapy

The authors demonstrated a role for tumor-expressed CD24 in promoting immune evasion through its interaction with the inhibitory receptor sialic-acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 (Siglec-10), which was expressed by tumor-associated macrophages. [Nature] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Loss of p53 Triggers Wnt-Dependent Systemic Inflammation to Drive Breast Cancer Metastasis

Using a panel of 16 distinct genetically engineered mouse models for breast cancer, researchers uncovered a role for cancer-cell-intrinsic p53 as a key regulator of pro-metastatic neutrophils. [Nature] Abstract

Massively Parallel Single-Cell Chromatin Landscapes of Human Immune Cell Development and Intratumoral T Cell Exhaustion

Analysis of scATAC-seq profiles from serial tumor biopsies before and after programmed cell death protein 1 blockade identified chromatin regulators of therapy-responsive T cell subsets and revealed a shared regulatory program that governed intratumoral CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion and CD4⁺ T follicular helper cell development. [Nat Biotechnol] Abstract

Fatty Acid Metabolites Combine with Reduced β Oxidation to Activate Th17 Inflammation in Human Type 2 Diabetes

Scientists showed that blockade of CPT1A inhibited Th17-associated cytokine production by cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A low CACT:CPT1A ratio in immune cells from T2D subjects indicated altered mitochondrial function and coincided with the preference of these cells to generate ATP through glycolysis rather than fatty acid oxidation. [Cell Metab] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Neutrophils-Related Host Factors Associated with Severe Disease and Fatality in Patients with Influenza Infection

In influenza patients with moderate-to-severe diseases, researchers uncovered a complex landscape of immunological pathways, with the main changes occurring in pathways related to circulating neutrophils. [Nat Commun] Full Article

CD8⁺CD103⁺ iTregs Inhibit Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease with Lupus Nephritis by Increased Expression of CD39

Researchers showed that adoptive transfer of CD8⁺CD103⁺ iTregs significantly relieved the chronic graft-versus-host disease with lupus nephritis and CD39 inhibitor mostly abolished the functional activities of these CD8⁺ iTregs in vitro and in vivo. [Mol Ther] Abstract | Full Article

Monocytes Acquire the Ability to Prime Tissue-Resident T Cells via IL-10-Mediated TGF-β Release

Using non-human primates, mice, and human primary cells, investigators found a role for interleukin (IL)-10 in the upregulation of the tissue-resident memory T cell marker CD103. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody against Dickkopf2 Impairs Lung Cancer Progression via Activating NK Cells

Administration of Dickkopf-related protein 2 (DKK2) antibody inhibited cancer growth via modulating tumor immune microenvironment in lung cancer mouse models. [Cell Death Discov] Full Article

TRIM58 Restrains Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation by Negatively Regulating TLR2 in Myeloid Cells

Using myeloid cell-specific deletion of Trim58 in mice, scientists demonstrated that the myeloid cell compartment was responsible for early colitis acceleration in Trim58 deficiency. In vitro studies revealed that Trim58^−/− myeloid cells, which showed constitutive upregulation of TLR2 protein, overreacted to a proinflammatory milieu with increased IL-1β protein production, which mechanistically depended on Tlr2. [J Immunol] Abstract | Full Article

The Interleukin-33-Mediated Inhibition of Expression of Two Key Genes Implicated in Atherosclerosis in Human Macrophages Requires Map Kinase, Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathways

Researchers investigated here the roles of various known interleukin-33 activated signaling pathways in such inhibitory actions using RNA interference-mediated knockdown assays and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as model genes. [Sci Rep] Full Article

(5R)-5-Hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) Induces Substantial Epigenetic Mediated Immune Response Network Changes in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Investigators assessed the effects of LLDT-8 on transcriptome including mRNAs and long non-coding RNA in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes by a custom genome-wide microarray assay. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Quantitative Characterization of T Cell Repertoire Alteration in Chinese Patients with B Cell Acute Lymphocyte Leukemia after CAR T Therapy

Scientists observed decreased TCR diversity and increased clonality of T cell repertoire in both peripheral blood and bone marrow after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T administration. The persistent T cell clones in blood and bone marrow expanded following leukemic cell destruction and were barely detected in CAR T cell pool. [Bone Marrow Transplant] Abstract

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Ankylosing Spondylitis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatments

Researchers review the etiology and pathogenesis of Ankylosing spondylitis, including genome-wide association studies and cytokine pathways. [Bone Res] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field.

Emergo Therapeutics announces successful completion of Phase IIa trial

Emergo Therapeutics has successfully completed their Phase IIa trial for their novel candidate norketotifen. The trial is yet another step forward in addressing the symptoms of the flu and flu-like illness. [Emergo Therapeutics (PR Newswire Association LLC)] Press Release

Eureka Therapeutics Announces Initiation of Phase I/II Clinical Trial of ET140202 ARTEMIS^™ T Cell Therapy in Liver Cancer

Eureka Therapeutics, Inc. announced initiation of Phase I/II clinical trial of ET140202 ARTEMIS^™ T vell therapy in liver cancer at City of Hope. [Eureka Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

Inotrem Announces FDA Clearance of Investigational New Drug (IND) for the Phase IIB ASTONISH Trial in Septic Shock Patients to Demonstrate Nangibotide Efficacy

Inotrem S.A. announced that the FDA has cleared the company’s IND application for the ASTONISH trial where the safety, tolerance and efficacy of nangibotide, its lead compound for septic shock, will be studied. [Inotrem S.A (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Provention Bio Announces Breakthrough Therapy Designation for Teplizumab (PRV-031) for the Prevention or Delay of Clinical Type 1 Diabetes in At-Risk Individuals

Provention Bio, Inc. announced that the FDA has granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation to teplizumab (PRV-031) for the prevention or delay of clinical type 1 diabetes in individuals at-risk of developing the disease. [Provention Bio, Inc.] Press Release

Researchers Weigh in on Trump’s $500 Million Plan to Share Childhood Cancer Data

The Childhood Cancer Data Initiative, as the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has dubbed it, could have many payoffs, such as devising less harsh treatments and figuring out why 10% of childhood leukemia patients don’t respond to treatments or relapse, said NCI acting director Doug Lowy. And for very rare cancers with no treatments, pooling such data on cases is essential for researchers to draw firm conclusions. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

First Human-Monkey Chimeras Developed in China

Juan Carlos Izpisúa Belmonte of the Salk Institute in San Diego is spearheading the project with scientists from his own lab and those from the Murcia Catholic University in Murcia, Spain. The team wants to develop chimeras—organisms composed of cells from two or more species—capable of growing human organs. [The Scientist] Editorial

The Public’s Trust in Scientists Rises, Pew Poll Shows

Public trust in science rose in recent years, a new survey shows: 86 percent of Americans say that they have at least “a fair amount” of confidence in scientists to act in the public interest, up from 78 percent in 2016. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW 19^th International Congress of Mucosal Immunology (ICMI)
July 16-20, 2019
Brisbane, Australia

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Research Assistant – Immunology (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Scientific Communications Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Immune Cell Culture (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (BioMed X Innovation Center)

Preclinical Scientist – Immunology (MiroBio)

PhD Position – Extracellular Matrix & Skin Immunology (University of Freiburg)

PhD Fellowship – Immunology (University of Oslo)

Senior Scientist – Immuno-Oncology of Hematologic Malignancies (University of Kansas School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor Immunology (Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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