Immune Regulation News Volume 10.11 | Mar 23 2018

TOP STORY

A Dominant Role for Regulatory T Cells in Protecting Females against Pulmonary Hypertension

Investigators evaluated whether and how Treg-deficiency differentially affects male and female rats in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. [Circ Res] Abstract

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ZFR Coordinates Crosstalk between RNA Decay and Transcription in Innate Immunity

The authors showed that human zinc finger RNA-binding protein (ZFR) represses the interferon response by regulating alternative pre-mRNA splicing. ZFR expression was tightly controlled during macrophage development; monocytes expressed truncated ZFR isoforms, while macrophages induced full-length ZFR to modulate macrophage-specific alternative splicing. [Nat Commun] Full Article

p38α Signaling in Langerhans Cells Promotes the Development of IL-17–Producing T Cells and Psoriasiform Skin Inflammation

In a mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform skin inflammation, investigators found that p38α activity in Langerhans cells, a skin-resident subset of dendritic cells, promoted the generation of T cells that produce IL-17, a proinflammatory cytokine that is implicated in autoimmune disease. [Sci Signal] Abstract

TSLP Signaling in CD4⁺ T Cells Programs a Pathogenic T Helper 2 Cell State

The authors found that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) signaling in mouse CD4⁺ T cells initiated transcriptional changes associated with TH2 cell programming. Interleukin (IL)-4 signaling amplified and stabilized the genomic response of T cells to TSLP, which increased the frequency of T cells producing IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. [Sci Signal] Abstract

Tumor-Resident Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Modulate the Accumulation of TCR-Engineered T Cells in Melanoma

Investigators found that depletion of CD11c⁺ cells triggered the recruitment of cross-presenting cDC1 into the tumor and enhanced the accumulation of TCR-engineered T cells. They showed that the recruited tumor conventional dendritic cells present melanoma tumor antigen, leading to enhanced activation of TCR-engineered T cells. [Mol Ther] Abstract

CCR7 on CD4⁺ T Cells Plays a Crucial Role in the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Researchers demonstrated that CD4⁺ T cell-specific constitutive deletion of CCR7 led to impaired induction of active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In adoptive transfer EAE, mice receiving in vitro-primed CCR7^−/− 2d2 Th17 cells showed similar disease onset as mice adoptively transferred with CCR7^+/+ 2d2 Th17 cells. [J Immunol] Abstract

Dual Role of YM1⁺ M2 Macrophages in Allergic Lung Inflammation

To assess the therapeutic potential of modulating M2 macrophages, researchers studied inhibition of M2 polarization during and after development of allergic lung inflammation by treating with cynaropicrin, a galectin-3 pathway inhibitor. [Sci Rep] Full Article

PIBF⁺ Extracellular Vesicles from Mouse Embryos Affect IL-10 Production by CD8⁺ Cells

Scientists tested whether the embryo is able to produce sufficient amounts of extracellular vesicles to alter the function of peripheral lymphocytes. [Sci Rep] Full Article

TRIM29 Negatively Controls Antiviral Immune Response through Targeting STING for Degradation

Researchers report TRIM29, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, functions as an inducible negative regulator of innate immune response triggered by DNA virus and cytosolic DNA. DNA virus and cytosolic DNA stimulation induce TRIM29 expression robustly in macrophages and dendritic cells, although the basal level of TRIM29 is undetectable in those cells. [Cell Discov] Full Article

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When Worlds Collide: Th17 and Treg Cells in Cancer and Autoimmunity

Scientists discuss the ability of Th17 cells to mediate cancer regression in immunotherapy, including adoptive transfer and checkpoint blockade therapy, and the therapeutic possibilities of purposefully offsetting the Th17/Treg balance to treat patients with cancer as well as those with autoimmune diseases. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

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Harvard Bioengineers’ Biomaterial-Based Cancer Immunotherapies to Be Developed by Novartis

The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University and the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences announced that Novartis will have access to commercially develop their therapeutic, biomaterial-based, cancer vaccine technology that promotes anti-cancer immunity. [Hansjörg Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University] Press Release

Symbiotix Biotherapies Announces License Agreement with Harvard University

Symbiotix Biotherapies, Inc. announced that it has entered into a license agreement with Harvard University. [Symbiotix Biotherapies, Inc.] Press Release

Innate Biologics, LLC Enters into Collaboration Agreement with the Wistar Institute to Develop Anti-Inflammatory Protein Platform

Innate Biologics, LLC, has entered into a collaborative research agreement with The Wistar Institute. [The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology] Press Release

eTheRNA Completes Enrolment of Low Dose Cohort for Phase Ib Study of TriMix mRNA-Based Cancer Specific Immunotherapy (ECI-006) in Melanoma

eTheRNA immunotherapies announced that it has completed enrolment of the low dose cohort in its Phase Ib study of ECI-006 as an adjuvant therapy in metastatic melanoma patients. [eTheRNA immunotherapies NV] Press Release

Final 2018 Budget Deal Should Help the National Science Foundation in 2019, Too

The 4% increase for the National Science Foundation (NSF) in Alexandria, Virginia, in the 2018 omnibus spending bill hammered out by congressional leaders this week may be modest next to what its peer science agencies received. But it does offer NSF officials more breathing room to fund some major initiatives starting next year. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Final 2018 Budget Bill Eases Biomedical Researchers’ Policy Worries

The 2018 omnibus spending bill released yesterday is cheering biomedical researchers. Not only because of the 8.8% raise it gives the National Institutes of Health—its largest in 15 years—but also because it blocks or drops several proposed policy changes that had concerned the community. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

HIV Researcher Is New Head of US Public-Health Agency

HIV researcher Robert Redfield will lead the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Secretary of Health and Human Services Alex Azar announced. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO): Frontiers in Immunomodulation and Cancer Therapy
July 9-11, 2018
Madrid, Spain

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Immune Suppression Mechanisms in Myeloid Cells (AstraZeneca)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Positions – Immunology, Genetics and Precision Medicine (Ludwig Boltzmann Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer, Immunotherapy, and Fibrosis (University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Position – Tregs in the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche (Columbia Center for Translational Immunology)

Scientist – Immune Tolerance (Moderna Therapeutics)

Tenure Track Assistant Professor – Immune Signaling (Technical University of Munich)

Scientist – Immunology (Bioverativ)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cardiovascular and Immunology Research (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology and iPSCs (Stanford University)

Postdoctoral Associate Position – Tumor Immunology/Immunotherapy (Duke Cancer Institute)

Postdoctoral Scientist Opportunities – Biomedical Research (Cedars-Sinai)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immune Checkpoint Therapy (Canadian Nuclear Laboratories)

Postdoctoral Training Opportunity – Infection and Immunity (Institut Pasteur of Shanghai – Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Assistant, Associate, or Full Member – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Research Fellow Position – Immunology Research (ShanghaiTech University)

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