Immune Regulation News Volume 10.15 | Apr 27 2018

TOP STORY

Extrinsic Phagocyte-Dependent STING Signaling Dictates the Immunogenicity of Dying Cells

Researchers showed that engulfed cells containing cytosolic double-stranded DNA species or cyclic di-nucleotides were able to stimulate antigen-presenting cells via extrinsic STING signaling, to promote antigen cross-presentation. [Cancer Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

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T Cell Receptor-Regulated TGF-β Type I Receptor Expression Determines T Cell Quiescence and Activation

Scientists showed that active transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling was present in naive T cells, and T cell receptor engagement reduced TGF-β signaling during T cell activation by downregulating TGF-β type 1 receptor through activation of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 and nuclear factor κB. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Loss of KLHL6 Promotes Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Growth and Survival by Stabilizing the mRNA Decay Factor Roquin2

Researchers report that Kelch-like protein 6 (KLHL6) assembled with cullin3 to form a functional cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase. Mutations in KLHL6 inhibit its ligase activity by disrupting the interaction with cullin3. [Nat Cell Biol] Abstract

Galectin-3 Deficiency Drives Lupus-Like Disease by Promoting Spontaneous Germinal Centers Formation via IFN-γ

Investigators showed that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is involved in germinal center (GC) development. Compared with WT mice, Gal-3 KO mice have more GC B cells and T follicular helper cells, increased percentages of antibody-secreting cells and higher concentrations of immunoglobulins and IFN-γ in serum, and develop a lupus-like disease. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Obesity Exacerbates Colitis-Associated Cancer via IL-6-Regulated Macrophage Polarization and CCL-20/CCR-6-Mediated Lymphocyte Recruitment

Researchers showed that diet-induced obesity accelerates chemically-induced colorectal cancer (CAC) in mice via increased inflammation and immune cell recruitment. Obesity-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) shifted macrophage polarization towards tumor-promoting macrophages that produce the chemokine CC-chemokine-ligand-20 (CCL-20) in the CAC microenvironment. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Gut Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Modulate Inflammatory Response in Hepatocytes and Macrophages

Comparing metabolite profile differences between germ-free and conventionally raised mice against differences between mice fed a low- and high-fat diet (HFD), investigators identified tryptamine and indole-3-acetate (I3A) as metabolites that depend on the microbiota and are depleted under a HFD. Both metabolites reduced fatty-acid- and LPS-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and inhibited the migration of cells toward a chemokine, with I3A exhibiting greater potency. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

IL-31 Is Crucial for Induction of Pruritus, but Not Inflammation, in Contact Hypersensitivity

The authors demonstrated that mice showed normal migration and maturation of skin dendritic cells and induction of hapten-specific T cells in the sensitization phase of FITC-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS), and normal induction of local inflammation in the elicitation phase of FITC- and DNFB-induced CHS. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase from HPIV3 Mediates Human NK Regulation of T Cell Proliferation via NKp44 and NKp46

Researchers demonstrated that the regulation of T cell proliferation during HPIV3 infection was mediated via NK receptors NKp44 and NKp46 and involves the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase but not the fusion protein of the virus. [J Gen Virol] Abstract

MicroRNA-144 Suppresses the Expression of Cytokines through Targeting RANKL in the Matured Immune Cells

To investigate whether miR-144 had immune regulation effect on matured immune cells, the authors used quantitative RT-PCR to detect the expression changes of miR-144 between the matured and immature dendritic cells, macrophages, and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. [Cytokine] Abstract

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Control of T Cell Effector Functions by miRNAs

The authors summarize the role of individual miRNAs in the regulation of the differentiation of effector T cell subsets, including CD4⁺ T helper cells, cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells and innate-like NKT cells. [Cancer Lett] Abstract

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STEMCELL Technologies Announces $45 Million Government Funding for Advanced Manufacturing Facility

STEMCELL Technologies announced a $45 million joint funding agreement between the Governments of Canada and British Columbia to help the company build a state-of-the-art advanced manufacturing facility. [STEMCELL Technologies Inc.] Press Release

PhoreMost and NeoPhore Receive Innovate UK Funding to Support Development of a Novel Small-Molecule Cancer Immunotherapy Program

PhoreMost Limited and NeoPhore Limited announced the companies will receive £1.0 million of funding following the award of a Biomedical Catalyst grant in a recent Innovate UK competition. [PhoreMost Limited] Press Release

Compugen Reports on Status of Investigational New Drug Application for COM701, a First-in-Class Immuno-Oncology Therapeutic Antibody

Compugen Ltd. announced that the FDA requested that the company provide additional CMC information in support of its IND application for COM701. [Compugen Ltd.] Press Release

Disgraced Surgeon Is Still Publishing on Stem Cell Therapies

Paolo Macchiarini, an Italian surgeon, has been fired from two institutions and faces the retraction of many of his papers after findings of scientific misconduct and ethical lapses in his research—yet this hasn’t prevented him from publishing again in a peer-reviewed journal. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Chinese Physician Released after Three Months in Jail for Criticizing a Traditional Medicine

Tan Qindong had been held at the Liangcheng county detention centre since January, when police said a post Tan had made on social media damaged the reputation of the traditional medicine and the company that makes it. [Nature News] Editorial

Famed Cancer Biologist Allegedly Sexually Harassed Women for Decades

Inder Verma, the prominent geneticist and cancer scientist who has made his mark on U.S. research for decades, has sexually harassed women for just as long, according to allegations from eight women. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Columbia University Graduate Students Go on Strike

Administration officials contend that research and teaching assistants are students, not workers, and want to take the matter to federal court. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW 3D Cell Culture 2018
June 5-7, 2018
Freiburg, Germany

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (The University of Alabama)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellow/Research Associate – Immune Modulatory Therapies (Houston Methodist Hospital)

Scientist – Immuno-Oncology (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer, Immunotherapy, and Fibrosis (University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Research Scientist – Biomarker Development (Kymab)

Postdoctoral Research Assistant – Gene Regulation in T Cells (University of Dundee)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immune Suppression Mechanisms in Myeloid Cells (AstraZeneca)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer, Immunotherapy, and Fibrosis (University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Position – Tregs in the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche (Columbia Center for Translational Immunology)

Scientist – Immune Tolerance (Moderna Therapeutics)

Tenure Track Assistant Professor – Immune Signaling (Technical University of Munich)

Scientist – Immunology (Bioverativ)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cardiovascular and Immunology Research (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology and iPSCs (Stanford University)

Postdoctoral Associate Position – Tumor Immunology/Immunotherapy (Duke Cancer Institute)

Postdoctoral Training Opportunity – Infection and Immunity (Institut Pasteur of Shanghai – Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Assistant, Associate, or Full Member – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Research Fellow Position – Immunology Research (ShanghaiTech University)

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