Immune Regulation News Volume 10.27 | Jul 20 2018

TOP STORY

Epithelial Damage and Tissue γδ T Cells Promote a Unique Tumor-Protective IgE Response

Researchers report that topical exposure to a common environmental DNA-damaging xenobiotic initiated stress surveillance by γδTCR⁺ intraepithelial lymphocytes that resulted in class switching to IgE in B cells and the accumulation of autoreactive IgE. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

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Gut Microbiota-Stimulated Innate Lymphoid Cells Support β-Defensin 14 Expression in Pancreatic Endocrine Cells, Preventing Autoimmune Diabetes

The authors revealed that gut microbiota conditioned innate lymphoid cells induce the expression of mouse β-defensin 14 by pancreatic endocrine cells, preventing autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic mice. [Cell Metab] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Act1 Is a Negative Regulator in T and B Cells via Direct Inhibition of STAT3

Researchers showed that Act1 functions as a negative regulator in T and B cells via direct inhibition of STAT3. Mass spectrometry analysis detected an Act1–STAT3 complex, deficiency of Act1 resulted in hyper IL-23- and IL-21-induced STAT3 activation in T and B cells, respectively. [Nat Commun] Full Article

A TRAF3-NIK Module Differentially Regulates DNA vs RNA Pathways in Innate Immune Signaling

Scientists showed that the positive regulator of interferon (IFN) in the RNA pathway, TRAF3, has an inhibitory function in the DNA pathway. Loss of TRAF3 coincides with increased expression of the alternative NF-κB-inducing molecule, NIK, which interacts with the DNA pathway adaptor, STING, to enhance IFN induction. [Nat Commun] Full Article

In Vitro-Transcribed Guide RNAs Trigger an Innate Immune Response via the RIG-I Pathway

The authors showed that the in vitro-transcribed gRNAs commonly used by many laboratories for RNP editing trigger a potent innate immune response that is similar to canonical immune-stimulating ligands. [PLoS Biol] Full Article

A Temporally Dynamic Foxp3 Autoregulatory Transcriptional Circuit Controls the Effector Treg Program

Using Foxp3-Timer of cell kinetics and activity mice, which report real-time Foxp3 expression, the authors showed that the flux of new Foxp3 expressors and the rate of Foxp3 transcription are increased during inflammation. [EMBO J] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

The Ubiquitin Ligase Adaptor NDFIP1 Selectively Enforces a CD8⁺ T Cell Tolerance Checkpoint to High-Dose Antigen

Scientists revealed that the HECT-type ubiquitin ligase activator, NDFIP1, enforced a cell-intrinsic CD8⁺ T cell checkpoint that desensitizes TCR signaling during in vivo exposure to high antigen levels. [Cell Rep] Full Article

Regulation and Biological Role of the Peptide/Histidine Transporter SLC15A3 in Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Macrophage

Mouse peritoneal macrophages, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and the human lung epithelial carcinoma cell line A549 were used to investigate the regulation and biological role of SLC15A3 in TLR-mediated inflammatory responses. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Effector T Cell Resistance to Suppression and STAT3 Signaling during the Development of Human Type 1 Diabetes

Investigators analyzed the capacity of peripheral blood effector T cells isolated both from patients with type 1 diabetes and from prediabetic at-risk subjects positive for multiple diabetes-associated autoantibodies to be suppressed by regulatory T cells. [J Immunol] Abstract

Conjugation of Chitosan Oligosaccharides Enhances Immune Response to Porcine Circovirus Vaccine by Activating Macrophages

To better understand the effects and mechanism of chitosan oligosaccharides conjugates maintain the adjuvant potential in vivo, scientists investigated its augmentation of macrophage function, including cell activation, NO production, cytokine production and phagocytosis. [Immunobiology] Abstract

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Regulation of Neutrophils in Type 2 Immune Responses

How neutrophil recruitment is regulated during type 2 immune responses is now starting to become clear, with recent data showing that signaling via the prototypic type 2 cytokine interleukin-4 receptor mediates direct and indirect inhibitory actions on neutrophils in mice and humans. [Curr Opin Immunol] Abstract

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Immatics Enters into a Strategic Partnership with Genmab to Develop Next Generation Bispecific Cancer Immunotherapies

Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH announced that it has entered into a research collaboration and license agreement with Genmab A/S to develop next-generation, T-cell engaging bispecific immunotherapies targeting multiple cancer indications. [Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH] Press Release

Arcus Biosciences Announces Final Safety Results From Phase I Trial for AB928 in Healthy Volunteers

Arcus Biosciences, Inc. announced the final unblinded safety data from its Phase I trial for AB928, its dual adenosine receptor antagonist, in healthy volunteers. [Arcus Biosciences, Inc.] Press Release

Alligator Bioscience Submits Application to Start Clinical Phase I Study in Cancer Patients with ATOR-1015, a Unique CTLA-4 and OX40 Binding Antibody

Alligator Bioscience announced that the company has submitted a clinical trial authorization application to the relevant regulatory authorities to start a Phase I study of its wholly-owned bispecific drug candidate ATOR-1015. [Alligator Bioscience AB] Press Release

Philippines Sweetens Deal for Scientists Who Return Home

A renewed government effort to draw Filipino scientists back to the Philippines by paying them to set up their own research labs or teach has met with a mixed reception. [Nature News] Editorial

Dutch Publishing Giant Cuts Off Researchers in Germany and Sweden

Elsevier stopped thousands of scientists in Germany from reading its recent journal articles, as a row escalates over the cost of a nationwide open-access agreement. The move comes just two weeks after researchers in Sweden lost access to the most recent Elsevier research papers, when negotiations on its contract broke down over the same issue. [Nature News] Editorial

New Policy Aims to Free Scientists to Focus on Research, Avoid Jumping through Hoops

Chinese scientific researchers are to be evaluated on the valuable contributions they make to their field rather than their number of published papers or academic credentials, according to a new policy issued by China’s top officials. The new policy is considered by experts to be the first volley of China’s resistance to efforts by the U.S. to suppress its high-tech development. [Chinanews.com] Editorial

Leaky Pipeline for Women Scientists Dries Up after They Win First Big Grant

After they secure their first major research grant from the US National Institutes of Health, women are almost as successful as men at netting further awards from the agency, according to an analysis published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Nature News] Editorial

U.K. Votes to ‘Fully Participate’ in EMA after Brexit

British politicians have voted for the U.K. to try to remain close to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) after Brexit. The voted-for text tasks the government with seeking to secure the right for the U.K. to “fully participate” in the regional regulatory network after it leaves the European Union. [FierceBiotech] Editorial

NEW Immuno-Oncology Conference
September 26-27, 2018
London, United Kingdom

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NEW Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunotherapy (California Institute for Biomedical Research)

Postdoctoral Researcher – T Cell Biology (Washington University School of Medicine)

Professorship – Molecular Immune Regulation (Kiel University)

Postdoctoral Fellowships – Immunometabolism (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

Assistant/Associate Professor – Immunology (University of Massachusetts)

PhD Student – Cellular Immunotherapy (Glycostem Therapeutics)

PhD Position – Characterization of the Immune Pathways that Stimulate Autoimmunity Caused By ADAR1 Deficiency (VIB)

PhD Student Positions – Immunology (Multiple Locations)

Assistant, Associate, or Full Member – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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