Immune Regulation News Volume 10.28 | Jul 27 2018

TOP STORY

Tumor Innate Immunity Primed by Specific Interferon-Stimulated Endogenous Retroviruses

Mesenchymal tumor subpopulations secrete pro-tumorigenic cytokines and promote treatment resistance. This phenomenon has been implicated in chemorefractory small cell lung cancer and resistance to targeted therapies but remains incompletely defined. The authors identified a subclass of endogenous retroviruses that engages innate immune signaling in these cells. [Nat Med] Abstract

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PD-1 Inhibitory Receptor Downregulates Asparaginyl Endopeptidase and Maintains Foxp3 Transcription Factor Stability in Induced Regulatory T Cells

Scientists identified an intrinsic mechanism by which programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) signaling imparted regulatory phenotype to Foxp3⁺ T helper 1 cells and inducible regulatory T cells. [Immunity] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

TIGIT⁺ iTregs Elicited by Human Regulatory Macrophages Control T Cell Immunity

Researchers showed that human regulatory macrophages convert allogeneic CD4⁺ T cells to IL-10-producing, TIGIT⁺ FoxP3⁺-induced regulatory T cells that non-specifically suppress bystander T cells and inhibit dendritic cell maturation. [Nat Commun] Full Article

T-Bet⁺ IgM Memory Cells Generate Multi-Lineage Effector B Cells

Investigators monitored the differentiation of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-labeled CD11c⁺ and CD11c^neg T-bet⁺ immunoglobulin M (IgM) memory cells after their transfer into naive recipient mice. Following challenge infection, many memory cells differentiated into IgM-producing plasmablasts. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Requirement for POH1 in Differentiation and Maintenance of Regulatory T Cells

Scientists found that T cell-specific deletion of the gene encoding the deubiquitinase POH1 compromised the development of mature T cells, especially CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg cells. [Cell Death Differ] Abstract

In Drug-Induced, Immune-Mediated Hepatitis, Interleukin-33 Reduces Hepatitis and Improves Survival Independently and as a Consequence of FoxP3⁺ T-Cell Activity

Researchers investigated IL-33 in an anesthetic, immune-mediated hepatitis modeled in BALB/c, IL-33^−/− and ST2^−/− mice, as well as in patients with anesthetic hepatitis. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

Targeting Antigen-Specific B Cells Using Antigen-Expressing Transduced Regulatory T Cells

The authors used an Ag-specific Treg approach in which they created a novel B cell-targeting chimeric receptor composed of an therapeutic factor VIII Ag domain linked with the CD28-CD3ζ transmembrane and signaling domains. [J Immunol] Abstract

Nitric Oxide Dependent Signaling via Cyclic GMP in Dendritic Cells Regulates Migration and T-Cell Polarization

To investigate the contribution of the key-enzyme NO-GC on the development of Th2 immunity in vivo, researchers sensitized knock-out mice of the major isoform NO-GC1 to the model allergen ovalbumin. [Sci Rep] Full Article | Press Release

TCR Signal Strength Controls the Differentiation of CD4⁺ Effector and Memory T Cells

Scientists observed substantial heterogeneity in T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent CD25 expression in vivo, and the vast majority of CD4⁺ memory T cells were derived from CD25^lo effector cells that displayed decreased TCR signaling in vivo. [Sci Immunol] Abstract

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Histone Deacetylase Function in CD4⁺ T Cells

Scientists discuss studies revealing that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key regulators of CD4⁺ T cell-mediated immunity in mice and humans and that HDACs are promising targets in T cell-mediated immune diseases. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract

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Bristol-Myers Squibb and Tsinghua University Announce Collaboration to Accelerate Early Research into Potential Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Tsinghua University have entered into a collaboration to discover therapeutic agents against novel targets for autoimmune diseases and cancers. The collaboration brings together Bristol-Myers Squibb and Tsinghua University’s respective scientific expertise and capabilities with a focus on validating new targets and generating early drug candidates for clinical development. [Bristol-Myers Squibb Company] Press Release

F-star Announces the Achievement of a Clinical Milestone in Its Immuno-Oncology Collaboration with Merck

F-star announced that FS118 has successfully reached the first clinical milestone in its collaboration with Merck. [F-star Biotechnology Limited] Press Release

Genprex Enters Agreement with the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center to Study Oncoprex in Combination with Immunotherapies

Genprex, Inc. has entered a Sponsored Research Agreement with The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center under which Genprex will sponsor a pre-clinical study, entitled “A Novel Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Cancer Using a Combination of the Multifactorial Tumor Suppressor Gene TUSC2 and Immunotherapy”. [Genprex, Inc.] Press Release

Trump Desperately Needs a Science Adviser, Experts Say. He Just Doubled the Record for Time Without One

President Trump can add another tick in the records column: He doubled the length of time that any modern president has gone without a science adviser. [Washington Post] Editorial

UK-India Science Ministers Reinforce Strong Research Partnership as Future Collaboration Is Announced

The UK and Indian governments signaled their commitment to a deeper relationship by jointly announcing four new awards worth £4.8 million under the Civil Nuclear Energy program and seven new awards worth £10.8 million under Phase 2 of the Global research program on health. [GOV.UK] Editorial

New Evidence USCIS Policies Increased Denials of H-1B Visas

New data show that in 2017, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) denied many more H-1B petitions and issued numerous costly Requests for Evidence to stop highly educated foreign nationals from working in America. [Forbes Media LLC] Editorial

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