Immune Regulation News Volume 10.36 | Sep 21 2018

TOP STORY

The Adaptor Protein CARD9 Protects against Colon Cancer by Restricting Mycobiota-Mediated Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

Scientists examined the impact of Card9 deficiency in the development of colitis-associated colon cancer. Treatment of Card9^−/− mice with AOM-DSS resulted in increased tumor loads as compared to WT mice and in the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor tissue. [Immunity] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

NKILA lncRNA Promotes Tumor Immune Evasion by Sensitizing T Cells to Activation-Induced Cell Death

Researchers demonstrated that tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and type 1 helper T cells, rather than type 2 helper T cells and regulatory T cells, were sensitive to activation-induced cell death in breast and lung cancer microenvironments. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

NK Cell Receptor NKG2D Sets Activation Threshold for the NCR1 Receptor Early in NK Cell Development

Researchers found that the activating receptor NKG2D specifically set the activation threshold for the activating receptor NCR1 through a process that required the adaptor DAP12. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

Human Sox4 Facilitates the Development of CXCL13-Producing Helper T Cells in Inflammatory Environments

Investigators showed that Sox4 is a key transcription factor for CXCL13 production in human CD4⁺ T cells under inflammatory conditions. [Nat Commun] Full Article

LNMAT1 Promotes Lymphatic Metastasis of Bladder Cancer via CCL2 Dependent Macrophage Recruitment

Researchers identified a long noncoding RNA, termed lymph node metastasis associated transcript 1 (LNMAT1), which is upregulated in lymph node (LN)-positive bladder cancer and associated with LN metastasis and prognosis. Through gain and loss of function approaches, they found that LNMAT1 promotes bladder cancer-associated lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. [Nat Commun] Full Article

USP38 Critically Promotes Asthmatic Pathogenesis by Stabilizing JunB Protein

USP38 was specifically required for TCR-induced production of Th2 cytokines and Th2 development both in vitro and in vivo, and USP38-deficient mice were resistant to asthma pathogenesis induced by OVA or HDM. [J Exp Med] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Activated PIK3CD Drives Innate B Cell Expansion yet Limits B Cell-Intrinsic Immune Responses

Investigators generated an inducible model of the common activated PI3K-delta syndrome mutation and intercrossed these mice with B cell-specific Cre models. Mb1-aPIK3CD mice exhibited bone marrow B lymphopenia and, conversely, expansion of the peripheral innate B1a and MZ B cell compartments. [J Exp Med] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

TLR Stimulation During T-Cell Activation Lowers PD-1 Expression on CD8⁺ T Cells

Researchers evaluated whether T-cell checkpoint expression could be separated from T-cell activation in the context of innate immune stimulation with TLR agonists. They found that ligands for TLR1/2, TLR7, and TLR9 led to a decrease in expression of PD-1 on antigen-activated CD8⁺ T cells. [Cancer Immunol Res] Abstract

PIDD-Dependent Activation of Caspase-2-Mediated Mitochondrial Injury in E1A-Induced Cellular Sensitivity to Macrophage Nitric Oxide-Induced Apoptosis

Scientists report that E1A-induced sensitization to nitric oxide-induced apoptosis is dependent on expression of p53-inducible protein with a death domain and enhancement of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD) processing for formation of the PIDDosome, the core component of the caspase-2 activation complex. [Cell Death Discov] Full Article

Interleukin-17D and Nrf2 Mediate Initial Innate Immune Cell Recruitment and Restrict MCMV Infection

The authors showed that early immune cell accumulation at the peritoneal site of infection by mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is mediated by interleukin (IL)-17D. Mice deficient in IL-17D or the transcription factor nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2), an inducer of IL-17D, featured an early decreased number of innate immune cells at the point of viral entry and were more susceptible to MCMV infection. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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Interferons and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Pregnancy and Fetal Development

The authors discuss immune responses that are necessary to promote healthy pregnancy and those that lead to congenital disorders and pregnancy complications, with a particular emphasis on the role of interferons and cytokines. [Immunity] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Unum Therapeutics Announces Abstract Accepted for Presentation

Unum Therapeutics Inc. announced that the company will be presenting data on the first dose level of its ATTCK-20-03 clinical trial evaluating ACTR707 in combination with rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory CD20-positive B cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. [Press release from Unum Therapeutics Inc. discussing research presented at the 4^th Annual CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference, New York] Press Release

IMV Inc. Announces Early Positive Results from Phase II Clinical Trial of Lead Candidate DPX-Survivac in Combination with Merck’s Keytruda^® in Patients with DLBCL

IMV Inc. announced details of the initial data from an ongoing investigator-sponsored Phase II clinical trial. In the study, investigators are evaluating IMV’s lead candidate, DPX-Survivac, in combination with low dose cyclophosphamide and Merck’s checkpoint inhibitor Keytruda^®, in patients with persistent or recurrent/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). [MV Inc.] Press Release

argenx Reports Positive Topline Results from Phase II Proof-of-Concept Trial of Efgartigimod in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia

argenx announced positive topline results from its Phase II proof-of-concept clinical trial of efgartigimod in adult primary immune thrombocytopenia patients. [argenx SE] Press Release

Exicure Announces Positive Phase I Results for Its Lead Immuno-Oncology Asset

Exicure, Inc. announced Phase I results for AST-008, an SNA consisting of toll-like receptor 9 agonists designed for immuno-oncology applications. [Exicure, Inc.] Press Release

Researchers Take Action to End Airlines’ Restrictions on Lab Animals

In a recently filed complaint to the US Department of Transportation, the National Association for Biomedical Research accuses four major airlines of illegally discriminating against customers wishing to fly animals destined for the lab. [The Scientist] Editorial

More and More Scientists Are Preregistering Their Studies. Should You?

Preregistration, in its simplest form, is a one-page document answering basic questions such as: What question will be studied? What is the hypothesis? What data will be collected, and how will they be analyzed? In its most rigorous form, a “registered report,” researchers write an entire paper, minus the results and discussion, and submit it for peer review at a journal, which decides whether to accept it in principle. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

This Research Group Seeks to Expose Weaknesses in Science—and They’ll Step on Some Toes If They Have To

Metaresearchers investigate how scientists operate, and how they can slip off the rails. Their main focus is questionable research practices, such as massaging data and selective reporting of statistical tests. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Meetings (TCT) of ASBMT and CIBMTR
February 20-24, 2019
Houston, Texas, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Immuno-Oncology (Technical University of Munich)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Institute Group Leader – Lymphocyte Biology (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Vanderbilt University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (University of Nantes)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Foxp3+ T-Regulatory in Autoimmunity and Transplantation (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia)

Postdoctoral Position – B-Cell Memory (Institut Necker-Enfants Malades)

Postdoctoral Fellowships – Immunology and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis (Luxembourg Institute of Health)

Postdoctoral Fellow/Research Scientist – Cancer Research (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Department Chair – Inflammation & Immunity (Cleveland Clinic – Lerner Research Institute)

Research Associate – Innate Immune Response to Bacterial Infection (Imperial College London)

Faculty Position – Aging and the Immune System (Mayo Clinic)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Immunology, Inflammation and Aging (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunotherapy (California Institute for Biomedical Research)

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