Immune Regulation News Volume 10.42 | Nov 2 2018

TOP STORY

Crosstalk between Immune and Intestinal Stem Cells May Help Maintain a Healthy Gut

Researchers announced that they have detected a new form of crosstalk, between a subset of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and T helper (Th) cells living in the gut. These ISCs, the team found, produce MHC II, a surface protein complex that allows immune and other cells to communicate with, and activate, Th cells. [Press release from the Broad Institute discussing online prepublication in Cell] Press Release | Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

The Transcription Factor Foxp1 Preserves Integrity of an Active Foxp3 Locus in Extrathymic Treg Cells

Scientists showed that Foxp1, a forkhead transcription factor and a sibling family member of Foxp3, was essential for sustaining optimal expression of Foxp3 specifically in induced Treg cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Modulation of NKG2D, NKp46, and Ly49C/I Facilitates Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Control of Lung Cancer

Investigators report that natural killer cells exposed to exogenous major histocompatibility class I provide a significant immunologic barrier to the growth and progression of malignancy. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

B Cell Depletion Therapy Dampens CD8⁺ T Cell Response in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Scientists compared the effects of rituximab and conventional immunosuppressants on CD4⁺, regulatory and CD8⁺ T cells in ANCA-associated vasculitis. [Arthritis Rheumatol] Abstract

Downregulation of ASPP2 Promotes Gallbladder Cancer Metastasis and Macrophage Recruitment via aPKC-ι/GLI1 Pathway

Investigators examined the role of the tumor suppressor apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) in regulating gallbladder cancer invasion and metastasis and macrophage recruitment. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Distinct Roles for CD4⁺ Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells and IL-10-Mediated Immunoregulatory Mechanisms during Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania donovani

The authors investigated the roles of Treg cells and IL-10 during experimental visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani infection of C57BL/6 mice. They report only a limited contribution of Treg cells in suppressing antiparasitic immunity, but important roles in delaying the development of splenic pathology and restricting leukocyte expansion. [J Immunol] Abstract

A Reduced M1-Like/M2-Like Ratio of Macrophages in Healthy Adipose Tissue Expansion during SGLT2 Inhibition

Scientists found that ipragliflozin promoted healthy adipose tissue expansion with a reduced ratio of pro-inflammatory M1-like adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) to anti-inflammatory M2-like ATMs. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Lipopolysaccharide Shock Reveals the Immune Function of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 2 through the Regulation of IL-6/Stat3 Signaling

To elucidate the biological role of Ido2 in immune function, the authors introduced lipopolysaccharide endotoxin shock to Ido2 knockout mice, which led to higher mortality than that in the wild type mice. [Sci Rep] Full Article

MEG3 Modulates TIGIT Expression and CD4⁺ T Cell Activation through Absorbing miR-23a

Researchers found that MEG3 expression was significantly downregulated in CD4⁺ T cells derived from aplastic anemia patients. MEG3 modulated D4⁺ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ and TNF-α levels, as well as T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domain (TIGIT), T-bet, and orphan nuclear receptor expression. [Mol Cell Biochem] Abstract

Combination Cancer Immunotherapy Targeting PD-1 and GITR Can Rescue CD8⁺ T Cell Dysfunction and Maintain Memory Phenotype

Combination therapy decreased CD8⁺ T cell dysfunction and induced a highly proliferative precursor effector memory T cell phenotype in a CD226-dependent manner. [Sci Immunol] Full Article

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Two to Tango: Dialog between Immunity and Stem Cells in Health and Disease

The authors draw parallels between different stem cell niches to explore the context-specific interactions that stem cells have with tissue-resident and recruited immune cells. They also highlight stem cells’ innate ability to sense and respond to stress and the enduring memory that forms from such encounters. [Cell] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Gilead Sciences and Tango Therapeutics Announce Strategic Collaboration to Develop Next-Generation Targeted Immuno-Oncology Therapies

Gilead Sciences, Inc. and Tango Therapeutics, Inc. announced a global strategic collaboration to discover, develop and commercialize a pipeline of innovative targeted immuno-oncology treatments for patients with cancer. [Gilead Sciences, Inc.] Press Release

MacroGenics and NanoString Enter Translational Research Collaboration to Identify and Develop Biomarkers in Immuno-Oncology

NanoString Technologies, Inc. announced that MacroGenics and NanoString have entered into a translational research agreement to identify and develop biomarkers for MacroGenics’ MGD013 program. [NanoString Technologies, Inc.] Press Release

NeoImmuneTech Announces Initiation of Clinical Trial for HyLeukin-7 Treatment in Combination with Standard Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Brain Cancer Patients

NeoImmuneTech, Inc. announced the FDA approved its Investigational New Drug application for a clinical trial for the treatment of newly diagnosed high grade glioma patients with a combination of HYLEUKIN-7^® and standard therapy. [NeoImmuneTech, Inc.] Press Release

NSF Suspends Program Allowing Graduate Fellows to Study Abroad

The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) has halted a program that each year allows hundreds of the nation’s best graduate students to work with experts in another country. And the agency isn’t saying why—or whether the program will resume. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Record Number of Monkeys Being Used in U.S. Research

The number of monkeys used in U.S. biomedical research reached an all-time high last year, according to data released in late September by the United States Department of Agriculture. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Drug Companies Try to Catch the Rising Wave of RNAi Medicines

Less than two months after the FDA approved the first-ever drug that uses a Nobel-winning technique to mute disease-causing genes, the pharmaceutical industry is already looking for a piece of the next one. [STAT News] Editorial

NEW Keystone Symposia: Cancer Metastasis: The Role of Metabolism, Immunity and the Microenviroment
March 15-19, 2019
Florence, Italy

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NEW Senior Lab Manager – Cellular Immunology and Rheumatology (Karolinska Institutet)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Tenure/Tenure Track Faculty Position – Immunology (Wayne State University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Johns Hopkins University)

PhD Position – Antigen Presentation and Immune Regulation (Erasmus MC)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Mondor Biomedical Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Molecular Mechanisms of Innate Immunity (University of Illinois)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason)

Institute Group Leader – Lymphocyte Biology (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Open Rank Professor – Biopharmaceutical Discovery (University of Delaware)

Assistant Professor – Biology (University of Delaware)

Head of Laboratory – Immunology of Regulatory T Cells (Novartis Pharma AG)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (University of Nantes)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Foxp3+ T-Regulatory in Autoimmunity and Transplantation (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia)

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