Immune Regulation News Volume 10.49 | Dec 21 2018

TOP STORY

Loss of ADAR1 in Tumors Overcomes Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Investigators showed that loss of function of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 in tumor cells profoundly sensitizes tumors to immunotherapy and overcomes resistance to checkpoint blockade. [Nature] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Fibrinogen-Like Protein 1 Is a Major Immune Inhibitory Ligand of LAG-3

The authors demonstrated that fibrinogen-like protein 1, a liver-secreted protein, is a major lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) functional ligand independent from major histocompatibility complex class II . [Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Commensals Suppress Intestinal Epithelial Cell Retinoic Acid Synthesis to Regulate Interleukin-22 Activity and Prevent Microbial Dysbiosis

Scientists found that commensal bacteria belonging to class Clostridia modulate retinoic acid concentration in the gut by suppressing the expression of retinol dehydrogenase 7 in intestinal epithelial cells. [Immunity] Abstract | Press Release

The Innate Immune Sensor NLRC3 Acts as a Rheostat that Fine-Tunes T Cell Responses in Infection and Autoimmunity

Researchers showed that NLRC3 attenuated interferon-γ and TNF expression by CD4⁺ T cells and reduced T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cell proliferation. Nlrc3^−/− mice exhibited increased and prolonged CD4⁺ T cell responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection and worsened experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Low-Dose Chidamide Restores Immune Tolerance in ITP Patients and Mice by Modulating nTreg Cells and CTLA4 Expression

Low-dose histone deacetylase inhibitors attenuated macrophage phagocytosis of antibody-coated platelets, stimulated production of natural Foxp3⁺ Tregs, promoted peripheral conversion of T cells into Tregs, and restored Treg suppression in vivo and in vitro. [Blood] Abstract

A miR-150/TET3 Pathway Regulates the Generation of Mouse and Human Non-Classical Monocyte Subset

Scientists identified a down-regulation of hsa-miR-150 through methylation of a lineage-specific promoter in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia monocytes. miR150 knock-out mice demonstrated a cell-autonomous defect in non-classical monocytes. [Nat Commun] Full Article

JunB Regulates Homeostasis and Suppressive Functions of Effector Regulatory T Cells

Investigators showed that the AP-1 transcription factor, JunB, was expressed in effector Treg cells and promotes an IRF4-dependent transcription program. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release

CD71⁺VISTA⁺ Erythroid Cells Promote the Development and Function of Regulatory T Cells through TGF-β

The authors showed that neonatal CD71⁺ erythroid cells express significant levels of V-domain Immunoglobulin (Ig) Suppressor of T Cell Activation (VISTA) and, via constitutive production of transforming growth factor (TGF)^– β, play a pivotal role in promotion of naïve CD4⁺ T cells into Tregs. [PLoS Biol] Full Article

Methyltransferase Nsd2 Ensures Germinal Center Selection by Promoting Adhesive Interactions between B Cells and Follicular Dendritic Cells

Investigators identified H3K36me2 methyltransferase Nsd2 as a critical regulator of germinal center (GC) B cell-follicular dendritic cell adhesion. Nsd2 deletion modestly reduced GC responses but strongly impaired B cell affinity maturation. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

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The Biology of T Regulatory Type 1 Cells and Their Therapeutic Application in Immune-Mediated Diseases

In this review, the key studies leading to the identification and biological characterization of T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells are recapitulated. The fundamental role of Tr1 cells in regulating immune responses to pathogenic and non-pathogenic antigens, as well as their use as cell therapeutics, is summarized. [Immunity] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Lilly and Aduro Biotech Announce Research Collaboration and License Agreement to Develop Novel Immunotherapies

Eli Lilly and Company and Aduro Biotech, Inc. announced a research collaboration and exclusive license agreement for Aduro’s cGAS-STING Pathway Inhibitor program for the research and development of novel immunotherapies for autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases. [Eli Lilly and Company and Aduro Biotech, Inc.] Press Release

Bristol-Myers Squibb and Boston Medical Center Announce Research Collaboration to Investigate Markers of Immuno-Oncology Response and Resistance

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Boston Medical Center announced a multi-year joint research study to identify and analyze potential sensitivity and resistance markers in patients treated with standard-of-care checkpoint inhibitors. [Bristol-Myers Squibb] Press Release

Imugene Meets Endpoints in Phase Ib Gastric Cancer Immuno-Oncology Trial

Imugene Limited announced meeting study endpoints and positive top-line results from the Phase Ib study of its HER-Vaxx gastric cancer vaccine in patients expressing the HER2 target protein. [Imugene Limited] Press Release

ExCellThera Receives FDA Orphan Drug Designation for ECT-001 for the Prevention of Graft-versus-Host Disease

ExCellThera Inc. announced that the FDA has granted the ExCellThera’s lead solution, ECT-001, orphan drug designation for the prevention of graft-versus-host-disease. ECT-001 uses a proprietary small molecule and an optimized culture system to expand therapeutic stem and immune cells and is being evaluated in several clinical trials. [ExCellThera Inc.] Press Release

Cynata Completes Clinical Study Report for Phase I Trial of CYP-001 in GvHD

Cynata Therapeutics Limited announced that the clinical study report describing full details of the results from the Phase I clinical trial of CYP-001 for the treatment of steroid-resistant acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) has been completed. [GlobeNewswire, Inc.] Press Release

InflaRx Receives European Approval to Initiate Phase II Clinical Trial with IFX-1 in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

InflaRx N.V. announced the approval of an Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier from the European regulatory authorities, allowing InflaRx to initiate a Phase II study with IFX-1, a first-in-class anti-human complement factor C5a antibody, in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. [InflaRx N.V.] Press Release

Equillium Granted U.S. FDA Fast Track Designation for EQ001 for the Treatment of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease

Equillium, Inc. announced that the FDA has granted Fast Track designation for EQ001 for the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease. [Equillium, Inc.] Press Release

Top Cancer Doctor Resigns as Editor of Medical Journal

Dr. José Baselga, the former chief medical officer of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, resigned under pressure as one of the editors-in-chief of Cancer Discovery, a prominent scientific journal, after he failed to accurately disclose his conflicts of interest in dozens of articles in medical journals. [The New York Times] Editorial

National Academy President Breaks Her Silence on Ejecting Sexual Harassers

It has been seven months since the presidents of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Washington, D.C., announced they had “begun a dialogue” about the standards of professional conduct required for membership in their exclusive ranks. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Max Planck Society Ends Elsevier Subscription

The Max Planck Society, an enormous German research organization 14,000 scientists strong and comprising multiple research institutes, has ended its subscription to Elsevier journals, the organization announced in a statement. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW European CanCer Organisation (ECCO) 2019: European Cancer Summit
September 12-14, 2019
Brussels, Belgium

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Scientist – Molecular Innate Immunity (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Supervisor – Transfusion Medicine – Immune, Progenitor, & Cell Therapy (Mayo Clinic-Rochester)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

Postdoctoral Fellow/Research Associate – Immunology (Turnstone Biologics Inc.)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität)

Postdoctoral Position – Natural Killer Cells (The Scripps Research Institute)

Faculty Positions – Translational Immunology (University of Miami)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology and Ion Channel Function (New York University School of Medicine)

PhD Position – Cancer Immunotherapy (Helmholtz Zentrum München)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (University of Nantes)

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