Immune Regulation News Volume 11.18 | May 24 2019

TOP STORY

CD8⁺ T Cells Induce Cachexia during Chronic Viral Infection

Scientists describe a model of reversible cachexia in mice with chronic viral infection and identify an essential role for CD8⁺ T cells in infection-associated cachexia. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Oxidization of TGFβ-Activated Kinase by MPT53 Is Required for Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Researchers report that MPT53, a secreted disulfide-bond-forming-like protein of M. tuberculosis, directly interacted with TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and activated TAK1 in a TLR2- or MyD88-independent manner. [Nat Microbiol] Abstract

A Toll-Like Receptor Agonist Mimicking Microbial Signal to Generate Tumor-Suppressive Macrophages

Based on bioactivity screening, the authors devised a glucomannan polysaccharide with acetyl modification at a degree of 1.8, which specifically activated toll-like receptor 2 signaling and consequently induced macrophages into an anti-tumor phenotype. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Mucosal T Follicular Helper Cells in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques: Contributing Role of IL-27

Investigators demonstrated the early loss of memory CD4 T cells, including T follicular helper cells and a remodeling of mesenteric lymph node architecture in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. [Mucosal Immunol] Full Article

Dendritic Cell-Associated B7-H3 Suppresses the Production of Autoantibodies and Renal Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Scientists explored the role of B7-H3 in the induction of autoantibodies and organ-directed inflammation in a murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) model in which the immunization with DNA extracted from activated T cells induced the production of anti-DNA autoantibodies and subsequent glomerulonephritis, two hallmarks of human SLE. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Adipose Sirtuin 6 Drives Macrophage Polarization toward M2 through IL-4 Production and Maintains Systemic Insulin Sensitivity in Mice and Humans

Using Adipoq-Cre-mediated adipocyte-specific sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) knockout mice, the authors explored whether adipocyte Sirt6 inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and its underlying mechanism. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article

Microglia in Post-Mortem Brain Tissue of Patients with Bipolar Disorder Are Not Immune Activated

Researchers applied a multi-level approach to determine the activation state of microglia in bipolar disorder (BD) post-mortem brain tissue. They did not find differences in microglial density, and mRNA expression of microglial markers in the medial frontal gyrus of patients with BD. [Transl Psychiatry] Full Article

Fibroblast-Mediated Immunoregulation of Macrophage Function Is Maintained after Irradiation

Investigators showed that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promoted changes in M0-macrophages that harmonized with both M1-and M2-phenotypes. Additionally, CAFs inhibited pro-inflammatory features of M1-macrophages by reducing nitric oxide production, pro-inflammatory cytokines, migration, and M1-surface markers expression. [Cancers] Full Article

Differential Immune Activation in Fetal Macrophage Populations

The authors tested the innate immune response of mouse macrophages derived from the embryonic yolk sac and from fetal liver. When isolated from liver or lung, CD11b^HI fetal liver derived macrophages responded to the TLR4 agonist LPS by expressing and releasing inflammatory cytokines. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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Regulation of Immune Responses by Tuft Cells

Despite recent insights, numerous questions remain regarding tuft cell lineage, diversity and effector mechanisms and how tuft cells interface with the immunological niche in the tissues where they reside. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract

The Role of Macrophages in the Resolution of Inflammation

The authors discuss the role of macrophages in the restoration of tissue function after injury, highlighting important questions about how they respond to and modify the local microenvironment to restore homeostasis. [J Clin Invest] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Synlogic Announces Clinical Collaboration to Evaluate SYNB1891 in Combination with PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitor in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors

Synlogic, Inc. announced a new clinical collaboration with Roche, to explore Synlogic’s Synthetic Biotic™ medicine, SYNB1891, a dual innate immune activator engineered to express a STING agonist, in combination with Roche’s PD-L1-blocking checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. [Synlogic, Inc.] Press Release

Personalis, Inc. to Provide Tumor Immunogenomic Profiling to the Parker Institute for Immunotherapy Biomarker Discovery in Clinical Trial Participants

Personalis, Inc. announced that the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy will utilize Personalis’ cancer immunogenomics platform, ImmunoID NeXT™, for the investigation of biomarkers of response to immunotherapies in clinical trial participants. [Personalis, Inc.] Press Release

Immunovant Initiates Dosing in ASCEND-GO 1, a Phase IIa Trial of IMVT-1401 in Patients with Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (GO)

Immunovant announced that it has initiated dosing in ASCEND-GO 1, an open label, single-arm Phase IIa clinical trial evaluating IMVT-1401 in patients with moderate-to-severe active GO. [Immunovant (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Compugen Doses First Patient in COM701/Opdivo^® (Nivolumab) Combination Arm of Phase I Study in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors

Compugen Ltd. announced that it has dosed the first patient in the combination arm of its Phase I study, combining escalating doses of COM701 with a fixed dose of Opdivo^® in patients with advanced solid tumors. [Compugen Ltd.] Press Release

OSE Immunotherapeutics Receives Notice of Allowance for New US Patent Protecting Anti-IL-7 Receptor Antagonist OSE-127

OSE Immunotherapeutics announced that it has received the first notice of allowance of a patent from the United States Patent and Trademark Office strengthening the protection covering anti-interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) antagonist OSE-127, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the CD127 receptor, the alpha chain of the IL-7R, that has been shown to induce a powerful antagonistic effect on effector T lymphocytes responsible for causing autoimmune pathologies. [OSE Immunotherapeutics] Press Release

Western Oncolytics Awarded SBIR Grant to Fund the Company’s Next Generation Oncolytic Virus Therapy

Western Oncolytics announced that it was awarded a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grant. [Western Oncolytics] Press Release

Taiwan Considers Double-Blind Peer Review for Grants

Taiwan’s science ministry is thinking of introducing double-blind peer review to assess research-grant proposals, a trend being adopted by some journals to eliminate bias. [Nature News] Editorial

Brazilian Scientists Strive to Turn Politicians into Allies

Brazil’s scientists are fighting back against President Jair Bolsonaro’s plans to slash funding for research and education programs. Researchers have joined with members of Brazil’s legislature, the National Congress, to highlight the strategic role that science, technology, and education play in the country’s economic and social development. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) 2019
November 6-10, 2019
National Harbor, Maryland, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Immunology (Feinberg School of Medicine-Northwestern University)

Researcher – Tumor Responses to Radiotherapy & Immunotherapy (University Hospital of Northern Norway)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Innate Immunity and Inflammation (University of Pennsylvania)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Intracellular Innate Immunity (EPFL)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Transplantation Immunology (Medical College of Wisconsin)

Professorship – Translational Immune Oncology (Uniklinik Köln)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

Director of Research – Division of Translational Medicine & Human Genetics (University of Pennsylvania)

Associate Scientist – Immuno-Oncology (HMH Center for Discovery & Innovation)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Checkpoint Immunotherapy (City of Hope)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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