Immune Regulation News Volume 11.20 | Jun 7 2019

TOP STORY

Scientists Identify a Novel Strategy to Fight Viral Infections and Cancer in Animal Model

Scientists found that boosting the body’s production of type 1 interferon helped clear viral infection and increased immunity against cancer by identifying a sensor involved in suppressing interferon production in an animal model. [Press release from Wake Forest School of Medicine discussing online prepublication in Cell] Press Release | Abstract | Graphical Abstract

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Targeting EZH2 Histone Methyltransferase Activity Alleviates Experimental Intestinal Inflammation

Researchers report that suppressing enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) activity ameliorated experimental intestinal inflammation and delayed the onset of colitis-associated cancer. In addition, they identified an increased number of functional MDSCs in colons, which are essential for EZH2 inhibitor activity. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Activated Peyer′s Patch B Cells Sample Antigen Directly from M Cells in the Subepithelial Dome

The authors showed that activated antigen-specific CCR6⁺CCR1⁺GL7⁻ B cells made close contact with M cells in the subepithelial dome (SED). Using in situ photoactivation analysis of antigen-specific SED B cells, they found migration of cells towards the germinal center. [Nat Commun] Full Article

The Innate Immune Sensor Toll-Like Receptor 2 Controls the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype

Investigators showed that, during oncogene-induced senescence, the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and its partner TLR10 were key mediators of senescence in vitro and in murine models. [Sci Adv] Full Article | Press Release

A Wave of Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cell Accumulation in the Neonatal Liver Plays Unique Roles in Maintaining Self-Tolerance

Scientists investigated the phenotype, functions, and significance of neonatal Tregs in the liver. They found a wave of thymus-derived Treg influx into the liver during 1–2 weeks of age. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

Spatial Distribution of IL4 Controls iNKT Cell-DC Crosstalk in Tumors

Researchers showed that the spatial distribution of interleukin-4 (IL4) in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells regulated crosstalk between iNKT cells and dendritic cells and controlled iNKT cell-mediated T-helper type 1 responses. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article

The IL-33/ST2 Pathway Shapes the Regulatory T Cell Phenotype to Promote Intestinal Cancer

The authors revealed that IL-33 signaling promoted colorectal cancer (CRC) by changing the phenotype of Tregs. In mice with CRC, tumor-infiltrating Tregs preferentially upregulated IL-33 receptor (ST2), and IL-33/ST2 signaling positively correlates with tumor number and size. [Mucosal Immunol] Full Article

Fibrotic Liver Microenvironment Promotes Dll4 and SDF-1-Dependent T-Cell Lineage Development

Investigators characterized T-cell reconstitution in a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by CCl₄ and found that T-cell reconstitution after bone marrow transfusion via hepatic portal vein was also greatly enhanced. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

MicroRNA-328 in Exosomes Derived from M2 Macrophages Exerts a Promotive Effect on the Progression of Pulmonary Fibrosis via FAM13A in a Rat Model

Scientists investigated the roles of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes expressing miR-328 in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Microarray-based analysis was used to screen differentially expressed genes and regulatory miRs in PF. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article

Curcumin Induced Oxidative Stress Causes Autophagy and Apoptosis in Bovine Leucocytes Transformed by Theileria annulata

Researchers demonstrated that curcumin inhibited the proliferation of Theileria-transformed bovine leucocytes by promoting apoptosis and autophagy. The transcriptome analysis of curcumin treated cells showed that the genes involved in cell death and autophagy were also differentially regulated. [Cell Death Discov] Full Article

Ap₄A Regulates Directional Mobility and Antigen Presentation in Dendritic Cells

The significance of intracellular Ap₄A levels over immune activity of dendritic cells was studied in Nudt2^fl/fl/CD11c-cre mice. [iScience] Abstract | Full Article | Graphical Abstract

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Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Patients with Cancer

The authors describe the evidence correlating the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with prognosis, followed by a discussion on the predictive value of tumor-associated neutrophils, which remains debatable, with conflicting data from different cancer types, including variations based on neutrophil location within and/or around the tumor. [Nat Rev Clin Oncol] Abstract

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Ra Pharmaceuticals Announces Expansion of Neuromuscular Portfolio with Clearance of IND Application for Zilucoplan for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy

Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced the FDA clearance of the company’s Investigational New Drug (IND) application for zilucoplan for the treatment of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. [Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release

PrimeVax Immuno-Oncology Receives IND Permission from FDA For Use of US Army’s Dengue Virus to Treat Cancer

PrimeVax Immuno-Oncology, Inc. announced that the company has received permission for their Investigational New Drug (IND) Application from the FDA to perform all three of their clinical trials. In a communication with the agency, the FDA confirmed that they had received the additional information filing from PrimeVax, and that the IND was not on clinical hold. [PrimeVax Immuno-Oncology, Inc. (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release

The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research Funds New Center at University of Pennsylvania

The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research announced that it has awarded a grant of $12 million to establish The Mark Foundation Center for Immunotherapy, Immune Signaling, and Radiation at the University of Pennsylvania. [The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research] Press Release

Powerful US Senator Calls for Vetting NIH Grantees at Hearing on Foreign Influences

Research typically enjoys bipartisan support in the US Congress. But when it comes to the increasingly contentious topic of academic espionage by foreign governments, politics is never far from the surface. At a hearing of the Senate Committee on Finance, Chairman Chuck Grassley urged federal agencies to do more to thwart “real, aggressive, and ongoing” attempts by foreign entities to steal the fruits of US-funded research. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Hungarians Protest against Proposed Government Takeover of Science

Thousands of scientists and their supporters marched through the streets of Budapest on 2 June to protest against a proposed law that would give the Hungarian government direct control of the country’s top research institutes. [Nature News] Editorial

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Genetics and Immunology (Columbia University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Immunology (Feinberg School of Medicine-Northwestern University)

Researcher – Tumor Responses to Radiotherapy & Immunotherapy (University Hospital of Northern Norway)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Innate Immunity and Inflammation (University of Pennsylvania)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Intracellular Innate Immunity (EPFL)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Transplantation Immunology (Medical College of Wisconsin)

Professorship – Translational Immune Oncology (Uniklinik Köln)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

Director of Research – Division of Translational Medicine & Human Genetics (University of Pennsylvania)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Checkpoint Immunotherapy (City of Hope)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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